Forward Osmosis Application in Treatment of Wastewater

  IJETT-book-cover  International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)          
  
© 2016 by IJETT Journal
Volume-37 Number-4
Year of Publication : 2016
Authors : Omkar Patil, Sameer U. Sayyad
DOI :  10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V37P240

Citation 

Omkar Patil, Sameer U. Sayyad"Forward Osmosis Application in Treatment of Wastewater", International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), V37(4),233-239 July 2016. ISSN:2231-5381. www.ijettjournal.org. published by seventh sense research group

Abstract
Forward Osmosis is a new membrane separation technology, which is gaining widespread attention since the last few years. Recently, forward osmosis (FO) has attracted growing attention in many potential applications such as power generation, desalination, wastewater treatment and food processing. Drinking water is becoming an increasingly marginal resource. Substituting drinking water for alternate water sources, specifically for use in industrial processes, may alleviate the global water stress. FO has the potential to sustainably treat wastewater sources and produce high quality water. Forward Osmosis is a process which makes use of the osmotic pressure difference across a semi permeable membrane. Water flows from low concentration to high concentration. In this study, a laboratory scale model is prepared, which explained the process of Forward Osmosis. Further, a sample of synthetic wastewater is tested by using two different Draw Solutions, in varying concentrations of 1M, 2M etc. Each test is performed by keeping a constant duration of 4 days, as the FO process is a time consuming process. All the results are based on the tests carried out for duration of 4 days each. The results indicate that Forward Osmosis is a time consuming process. After conducting each test for a fixed duration of 4 days, it was found that the volume of the feed solution decreases by a considerable amount, and the draw solution gets diluted. The flux had a direct relationship with the concentration of the draw solution. As the concentration of the draw solution was increased, the flux is also found to increase.

 References

[1] AbayneshYihdego, EfremCurcio , Teresa Poerio , Rosalinda Mazzei , Gianluca Di Profio, “Treatment of olive mill wastewater by Forward Osmosis”, Separation and purification technology 147, 292-302, 2015
[2] AkshayDeshmukh, Ngai Yin Yip, Shihong Lin, Menachem Elimelech, “Desalination by Forward Osmosis: Identifying performance limiting parameters through module scale modelling”, Journal of membrane science 491, 159-167, 2015
[3] Andrea Achilli, Tzahi Y. Cath, Eric A. Marchand, Amy E. Childress, “The Forward Osmosis Membrane Bioreactor: A low cost alternative to MBR process” Desalination 239, 10- 21, 2009
[4] Andrea Achilli, Tzahi Y. Cath, Amy E. Childress, “Selection of inorganic based draw solutions for Forward Osmosis Applications” Journal of membrane science 364, 223-241, 2010
[5] B. RavindraBabu, N.K. Rastogi , K.S.M.S. Raghavarao, “Effect of process parameters on transmembrane flux during direct osmosis” Journal of Membrane Science 280, 185–194, 2006
[6] Bilal Aftab, Sher Jamal Khan, Tahir Maqbool and Nicholas P. Hankins, “High Strength domestic wastewater treatment with submerged forward osmosis membrane bioreactor”, Water Science and Technology, 72.1 , 141-149, 2015
[7] C. Kazner, S. Jamil, S. Phuntsho, H.K. Shon,T.Wintgens, “Forward Osmosis for the treatment of Reverse Osmosis concentrate from water reclamation: Process performance and fouling control” Water science & technology 69.12 , 2431-2437, 2014
[8] Cath, T.Y., Gormly, S., Beaudry, E.G., Flynn, M.T., Adams, V.D., Childress, A.E., “Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space Part ?. Direct osmosis concentration as pretreatment for reverse osmosis”, Journal of membrane science 257, 85-98. 2005a
[9] Cath, T.Y., Adams, D., Childress, A.E., “Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space ?. Combined direct osmosis, osmotic distillation, and membrane distillation for treatment of metabolic wastewater”, Journal of membrane science 257, 111-119, 2005b
[10] Dany Roy, Mohamed Rahni , Pascale Pierre, Viviane Yargeau, “Forward Osmosis for the concentration and reuse of process saline wastewater” Chemical Engineering Journal 257, 277-284, 2016
[11] Devin L. Shaffer, Jay R.Werber, Humberto Jaramillo, Shihong Lin, Menachem Elimelech, “Forward osmosis: Where are we now?” Desalination 356 , 271-284, 2015
[12] E. R Cornelissen, D. Harmsen, K.F. de Korte, C.J. Ruiken, Jian-Jun Qin, L.P.Wessels “Membrane fouling and process performance of forward osmosis membranes on activated sludge” Journal of membrane science 319, 158- 168, 2008
[13] Foreman, G. E. “Spiral wound membrane module for direct osmosis separations.”, US Patent 4,033,878, 1977
[14] Frank, B.S.,” Desalination of sea water.”, US Patent 3,670,897, 1972
[15] Glew, D.N., , “Process for Liquid Recovery and Solution Concentration”, US Patent 3,216,930, 1965
[16] Hasan F. Makki, Majid I. Abdul Wahab, Rana Raheem Said, “Forward Osmosis process for the treatment of wastewater from textile industries”, Journal of Engineering,Number 12, Volume 19, 1557-1565, 2013
[17] James E. Miller, Lindsey R. Evans, “Forward Osmosis: A new approach to water purification and deslalination”, Sandia National Laboratories, 2006
[18] J.O. Kessler, C.D Moody, “Drinking water from sea by Forward Osmosis”, Desalination (18), 297-306, Elsevier publications, 1976
[19] K.Y. Wang, T.S. Chung, J.J. Qin, , “Polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes applied in forward osmosis process”, Journal of membrane science 300, 6-12, 2007
[20] Kerri L. Hickenbottom, Nathan T. Hancock, Nathan R. Hutchings, Eric Appleton, “Forward Osmosis treatment of drilling mud and fracturing wastewater from oil and gas operations”, Desalination 312, 60-66, 2013
[21] KerushaLutchmiah, Emile R. Cornelissen, Danny J. H. Harmsen, “Water recovery from sewage using Forward Osmosis”, Water science & technology 64.7, 1443-1449, 2011
[22] KerushaLutcmiah., A.R.D. Verliefde, K. Roest, L.C. Rietveld, E. R. Cornlenissen, “Forward Osmosis for application in wastewater treatment: A Review”, Water research 58 179-197, 2014
[23] KerushaLutchmiah, Jan W. Post, Rietveld, E. Cornlenissen, “EDTA: A synthetic draw solute for Forward osmosis” Water science and technology 70.10, 1677-1682, 2014
[24] Lin Chen, YangshuoGu, Chuqingcao, Jun Zhang, “Performance of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor with Forward Osmosis membrane for low strength wastewater treatment” Water Research 50, 114-123, 2014
[25] Muhammad Qasim, Naif A. Darwish, SarperSarp , NidalHilal, “Water desalination by Forward(direct) Osmosis phenomenon: A comprehensive review” Desalination 374 47-69, 2015
[26] N. Akther, A. Sodiq, A. Giwa, S. Daer, H.A. Arafat, S.W. Hasan, “Recent advancements in Forward Osmosis Desalination: A review”, Chemical Engineering journal 281, 502-522, 2015
[27] P. McCormick, J. Pellegrino, F. Mantovani, G. Sarti, “Water, salt and ethanol diffusion through membranes for water recovery by Forward Oosmosis processes”, Journal of membrane science, 325, 467-478, 2008
[28] Pin Zhao, Baoyu Gao , Qinyan Yue , Sicheng Liu , Ho Kyong Shon, “Effect of high salinity on the performance of Forward osmosis: Water flux, membrane scaling and removal efficiency” Desalination 378, 67-73, 2016
[29] Pin Zhao a, Baoyu Gao a, Shiping Xu a, Jiaojiao Kong , Defang Ma, Ho Kyong Shon, “Polyelectrolyte promoted Forward osmosis process for dye wastewater treatment- Exploring the feasibility of using polyacrylamide as draw solute”, Chemical Engineering Journal 264 , 32-38, 2015
[30] Qianhong She, XueJin, Qinghua Li, Chuyang Y. Tang, “Relating reverse and forward solute diffusion to membrane fouling in osmotically driven membrane processes”, Water Research 46, 2478-2486, 2012
[31] R. Valladares, Z. Li, S. Sarp, G. Amy, “Forward Osmosis niches in seawater desalination and wastewater reuse”, Water Research 66, 122-139, 2014
[32] R.E. Kravath, J.A. Davis, “Desalination of sea water by direct Osmosis”, Desalination (16), 151-155, 1975
[33] R.L. McGinnis, J.R. McCutcheon, M. Elimelech, “A novel ammoia-carbon dioxide osmotic heat engine for power generation”, Journal of membrane science 305, 13-19, 2007
[34] Ryan W. Hollway, Rudy maltos, Johan Vanesste, Tzahi Cath, “Mixed Draw Solutions for improved Forward Osmosis performance” Journal of membrane science 491, 121-131, 2015
[35] S. Lee, C. Boo, M. Elimelech, S. Hong, , “Comparison of Fouling behaviour in Forward Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis”, Journal of membrane science 365, 34-39, 2010
[36] Shuaifei Zhao, Linda Zou, Chuyang Y. Tang, Dennis Mulcahy, “Recent developments in Forward Osmosis: Opportunities & challenges”, Journal of membrane science 396 1-21, 2012
[37] Stephanie chin, , “Drawing a solution: Forward Osmosis Desalination”, Massachusetts Academy of Math and Science, 2014
[38] Sui Zhang, Peng Wang, Xiuzhu Fu, Tai-Shung Chung, “Sustainable water recovery from oily wastewater via Forward Osmosis-Membrane distillation (FO-MD)”, Water Research 52, 112-121, 2014
[39] Tai-Shung Chung, Sui Zhang, Kai Yu Wang, Jincai Su, Ming Ming Ling, “Forward Osmosis processes: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow”, Desalination 287, 78-81, 2012
[40] Tzahi Y. Cath , Amy E. Childress , Menachem Elimelech, “Forward Osmosis: Principles, applications and recent developments”, Journal of membrane science 281 70-87, 2006
[41] Winson C.L. Lay, Jinsong Zhang, Chuyang Tang, Rong Wang, Yu Liu, Anthony G. Fane, “Factors affecting flux performance of Forward Osmosis systems”, Journal of membrane science 394-395, 151-168, 2012
[42] Xiwang Zhang , ZhiyaoNing , DavidK.Wang , João C. Diniz da Costa, “Processing municipal waters by Forward osmosis using CTA membrane”, Journal of membrane science 468 269-275, 2014
[43] Y. Choi, J. Choi, S. Lee, D.R. Yang, J.H. Kim, “Toward a combined system of Forward Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis for seawater desalination”, Desalination 247, 239-246, 2009.

Keywords
Forward Osmosis, Draw Solution, Membrane, Wastewater treatment.