Characteristic Changes in Sandy Soil Reinforced with Natural Fibers

  IJETT-book-cover  International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)          
  
© 2017 by IJETT Journal
Volume-47 Number-4
Year of Publication : 2017
Authors : Sarikonda Venkata Sivaraju, Meherlavanya Pothula
DOI :  10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V47P232

Citation 

Sarikonda Venkata Sivaraju, Meherlavanya Pothula "Characteristic Changes in Sandy Soil Reinforced with Natural Fibers", International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), V47(4),193-205 May 2017. ISSN:2231-5381. www.ijettjournal.org. published by seventh sense research group

Abstract
Reinforced earth is a composite material, which is a combination of soil and reinforcement, suitably placed to withstand the developed tensile stresses and also it improves the resistance of the soil in the direction of the greatest stress. India has been taking importance to transportation sector as they thought faster the transportation faster will be the growth in development of various sectors. So, Indian government has initiated different schemes like Golden quadrilateral, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) etc. Flexible pavement is more common in India and has got different layers i.e., Sub grade, Sub base, Base course and Wearing course. Sub base is the main load bearing area which minimizes the load transformation to a possible extent on the sub grade, in some cases sand in sub base in proper density and to maintain the compacted state of such sand for the service life of the road is quite difficult. Placed sand must retain the required placement density and offer same CBR value as at initial placement condition to maintain the stability of the road itself. For obtaining the required value of CBR for sub base can be achieved by addition of many alternatives such as cement, Industrial by products such as fly ash, Ground granulated blast furnace slag, low calcium fly ash, Meta kaolin, cement kiln dust, fibers [plastic waste, glass waste etc.] & cement along with fibers are used.

 References

[1] IS: 1498 (1970), ?Indian Standard Methods of Test for Soils: Classification and Identification of Soil for General Engineering Purposes, Bureau of Indian Standards.
[2] IS: 2720 (Part 7) (1980), ?Methods of Test for Soils, Determination of water content dry density relationship using light compaction test, Bureau of Indian Standards.
[3] IS: 2720 (Part3) (Sec.-II) (1980), ?Indian Standard Methods of Test for Soils: Determination of Specific Gravity-Section II: Fine, Medium and Coarse Grained Soils?, Bureau of Indian Standards.
[4] IS: 2720 (Part 5) (1983), ?Indian Standard Methods of Test for Soils: Determination of Density Index (relative density) of Cohesionless soil, Bureau of Indian Standards.
[5] IS: 2720 (Part 4) (1985), ?Indian Standard Methods of Test for Soils: Grain Size Analysis, Bureau of Indian Standards.
[6] Gray, D.H., and Al-Refeai, T. (1986), ?Behavior of Fabric versus Fiber-Reinforced Sand, J. Geotech. Eng., 112(8), pp. 804-820.
[7] Gray, D.H., and Ohashi, H. ?Mechanics of fibre reinforcing in sand?, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol.109 (3), pp.335-353.
[8] IS: 2720(Part 16) (1987), Methods of Test for Soils, ?Laboratory Determination of CBR, Bureau of Indian Standards.
[9] Maher, M.H., and Gray, D.H. (1990) ?Static Response of Sands Reinforced with Randomly Distributed Fibres, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol.116 (7), pp.1661-1677.
[10] Lindh, E., and Eriksson, L. (1990), ?Sand Reinforced with Plastic Fibres, a Field Experiment, Performance of Reinforced Soil Structures, McGown, A., Yeo, K., and Andrawes, K.Z., Editors, Thomas Telford, Proceedings of the International Reinforced Soil Conference held in Glasgow, Scotland, September, pp.471-473.
[11] AI-Refeai, T.O. (1991), ?Behaviour of Granular Soils Reinforced with Discrete Randomly Oriented Inclusions, J. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol.10 (4), pp.319333.
[12] Bauer, G.E. and Fatani, M.N. (1991), ?Strength Characteristics of Sand Reinforced with Rigid and Flexible Element?, Proc. Of 9th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mech. And Foundation Engg., Bangkok (Thailand), Vol. 1, pp.471-474.
[13] Fletcher, C. S., and Humphries, W. K. (1991), ?California Bearing Ratio Improvement of Remolded Soils by the Addition of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforcement, Transp. Res.Rec.1295, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., pp.80–86.
[14] Gosavi, M., Patil, K.A., Mittal, S., and Saran, S. (1991), (1983), ?Improvement of Properties of Black Cotton Soil Subgrade through Synthetic Reinforcement, Journal of institution of Engineers (India), vol. 84, pp.257-262.
[15] Guha, A. (1995), ?Characteristic Physical Properties of Coir Fibres and their Compatability with Jute, M.Tech Thesis, IIT, Delhi.
[16] Michalowski, R.L., and Zhao, A. (1996), ?Failure of Fibre- Reinforced Granular Soils, Journal of Geotechnical Geoenvironmental Engg., ASCE, Vol.122 (3), pp.226-234.
[17] Ranjan, G., Vasan, R.M., and Charan, H.D. (1996), ?Probabilistic Analysis of Randomly Distributed Fibre- Reinforced Soil, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol.122(6), pp. 419-426.
[18] Webster, S. L., and Santoni, R. L. (1997), ?Contingency Airfield and Road Construction using Geosynthetic Fiber Stabilization of Sands, Tech. Rep.GL-97-4, U.S. Army Engr. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
[19] Santoni, R.L., and Webster, S.L. (2001), ?Engineering Properties of Sand-Fiber Mixture for Road Construction, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. (ASCE) 127(3), pp. 258– 268.
[20] Ling, I., Leshchinsky, D., and Tatsuoka, F. (2003), ?Reinforced Soil Engineering: Advances in Research and Practice?, Marcel Dekker Inc.
[21] Gupta, P.K., (2004), ?Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Sand, Indian Geotechnical Journal.
[22] Mitchell, James K., Kenichi., and Soga. (2005), ?Fundamentals of Soil Behaviour , 3rd Edition.
[23] Murray, J., Frost D., and Wang, Y. (2006), ?The behavior of sandy soil reinforced with discontinuous fiber inclusions, Trans Res Rec 714, pp.9–17.
[24] Kumar, P., and Singh, S.P (2008), ?Fiber-Reinforced Flyash subbase in Rural Roads, J. Transp. Eng. (ASCE) 134(4), pp.171–180.
[25] Ramesh, A. and Kumar, M. (2009), ?An Experimental Investigation on Coir Fiber and Fly Ash in Stabilized Mechanistic Pavements, Proc. Indian Geotech. Conf. 1, pp. 201– 204.
[26] Rao, S., and Jayalekshmi, S. (2010), ?Fibre Reinforcement of Soil Sub-grade Beneath Flexible Pavements, Proc. Indian Geotech. Conf. 1, pp.575–578 (2010).
[27] Dos Santos, A.P.S., Consoli, N.C., and Baudet, B.A. (2010), ?The Mechanics of FiberReinforced Sand, Geotechnique 60(10), pp.791–799.
[28] Saran Swami (2010) ?Reinforced Soil and its Engineering Applications, Second Edition, I. K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
[29] Maity, J., Chattopadhyay, B.C., and, Mukherjee, S.P. (2010), ?Application of Geonaturals Spoils in Sub base for Road Construction, Proc. Indian Geotech. Conf. 1, pp.617–620.
[30] M. Pal, K., Majumdar, M., and Barman, D. Sarkar. (2010), ?Study of Strength, CBR, Resistivity and Conductivity of Soil–Jute Mixture, Indian Highway, IRC 6, pp.53–62.
[31] Aggarwal, P., and Sharma, B. (2010), ?Application of Jute Fibre in the Improvement of Subgrade Characteristics.
[32] J. Maity, B.C. Chattopadhyay, B.C., ang Mukherjee, S.P. (2012), ?Behaviour of different types of sand randomly mixing with various Natural Fibers, Proc J.Inst.Eng.India Ser.A Vol. 93(2), pp.97-104.
[33] Chegenizadeh, Amin., and Nikraz, Hamid. (2012), ?CBR Test on Fiber Reinforced Silty sand, International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering, ISSN : 2277-7032, Volume 1 Issue 3.
[34] Singh, H.P. (2013), ?Effects of Cotton Fiber on CBR Value of Itanagar Soil, International Journal of current and Engineering and Technology, ISSN 2277 – 4106.
[35] Singh, R.R., and Er. Shellly Mittal. (2014), ?Improvement of Local Subgrade Soil for Road Construction by the use of Coconut Coir Fiber, IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319- 1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308.

Keywords
Natural fiber materials jute, coir. Triaxial compression test, Unconfined compression test, Direct shear test, California bearing ratio test, Equivalent Confining Stress Concept, Pseudo – Cohesion Concept, IS 2720, Part XVI.