Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Palm Kernel Fibre Nanofluid Using DeIonized Water and Ethylene Glycol Mixed at Ratio of 50:50 and 60:40

Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Palm Kernel Fibre Nanofluid Using De-Ionized Water and Ethylene Glycol Mixed at Ratio of 50:50 and 60:40

  IJETT-book-cover  International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)          
  
© 2017 by IJETT Journal
Volume-49 Number-1
Year of Publication : 2017
Authors : Justin Awua, Sunday Ibrahim, Aondona Kwaghger
DOI :  10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V49P207

Citation 

Justin Awua, Sunday Ibrahim, Aondona Kwaghger "Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Palm Kernel Fibre Nanofluid Using De-Ionized Water and Ethylene Glycol Mixed at Ratio of 50:50 and 60:40", International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), V49(1),47-53 July 2017. ISSN:2231-5381. www.ijettjournal.org. published by seventh sense research group

Abstract
The high level of hazards involved in the use of metallic nanoparticle in nanofluid research is a source of worry since there are reported literatures showing damaging effects of metal oxides to human cells. In this paper, a readily available bio–based Palm kernel fibres were collected and thoroughly washed with water and caustic soda (NaOH) to remove the residual palm oil and sundried for 10 days. Palm kernel fibre nanoparticles were synthesized by subjecting the dry fibre materials to extensive ball milling for 24hours. The resulting nanoparticles were dispersed into mixture of de-ionized water and ethylene glycol mixed at ratios of 50:50 and 60:40 and subjected to ultrasonic agitation for one hour in a constant temperature thermal bath. Volume fractions of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % of nanofluids were formed for the different base fluid mixtures. Particle characterization was done using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Miscroscopy and the result showed slight agglomeration and near spherical shaped particles with average size of about 100 nm. Temperatures was varied from 10 to 50oC and thermal conductivity at the different volume fractions were determined for the different base fluids and their nanofluids. Result showed that thermal conductivity increased with increase in volume fraction and temperature and the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids were higher than that of the base fluids. An enhancement in thermal conductivity of 16.1 and 18.0 % were recorded for nanofluid with 50:50 and 60:40 (de-ionized water and ethylene glycol) base fluid respectively. Maxwell, Hamilton Crosser and Wasp models defied prediction of theoretical values of thermal conductivity.

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Keywords
Basefluid, Palm kernel fibre, Nanoparticles, Nanofluid; De-ionized water, Ethylene glycol, Thermal conductivity, Ultrasonication.