IJBTT

Developments of Rammed Earth Walling Technology

	International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)
	© 2017 by IJETT Journal
	Volume-50 Number-4
	Year of Publication : 2017
	Authors : G.W.T.C. Kandamby
	DOI :  10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V50P240

Citation 

G.W.T.C. Kandamby "Developments of Rammed Earth Walling Technology", International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), V50(4),243-250 August 2017. ISSN:2231-5381. www.ijettjournal.org. published by seventh sense research group

Abstract
Earth building technology has traditionally originated with putting up shelters using pure earth mixed with water applying in the way of cob, adobe, rammed earth and wattle-and-daub in most part of the world. The technology has been rapidly developed during last few years as the results of researches conducted throughout the world to satisfy the requirement of affordability and sustainability. The process of the developments for rammed earth technology was studied by collecting fifty research papers published during the period from 2003 to 2016. It is found that 72% of them were for the development in the forms of compressed blocks, bricks or rammed earth where rammed earth investigations were conducted by the highly reputed countries of science and technology aiming for the development of the properties of rammed earth for better design and construction to suit to the requirement of the proposed work.

Reference
[1] Cindy Harris, “Earth Building – Techniques, application and potential,” Clean Slate Magazine, Information Department, Centre for Alternative technology, Machynlleth, Powys, 2007.
[2] Hamed Niroumanda, M.F.M Zainb, and Maslina Jamilc, “Various Types of Earth Building,” 2nd Cyprus International Conference on Educational Research, Aug. 2013.
[3] G. Minke, Building with Earth: Design and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture, Publishers for Architecture, Part of Springer Science + Business Media, Germany, 2006.
[4] Vasilios, M. and Walker P. “A Review of Rammed Earth Construction,” Natural Building Technology Group, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, United Kingdom, May. 2003.
[5] Lydia Kiroff, and Harry Roedel, Sustainable Construction Technologies: Earth Buildings in New Zealand, in Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, Jun.2010.
[6] V.T.L. Bogahawatte, Science Educational Series: Building Materials in Sri Lanka, Natural Resources Energy and Science Authority, Sri Lanka, Jan. 1993, No.32.
[7] J. Golebiowski, “Rammed earth architecture’s journey to hills of Santee and its role as an early concrete,” M. Sc. Thesis, the Graduate Schools of Clemson University and The College of Charleston, Jonathan Poston , May. 2009.
[8] P. Walker, “Rammed earth: design and construction guidelines,” BRE Book shop, Great Britain, 2005.
[9] Suresh Abhirami, and K B Anand, “A Study on Stabilized Rammed Earth for Sustainable Construction,” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Dec. 2016.
[10] R H. Matthew, “Assessing the environmental performance of stabilized rammed earth walls using a climatic situation chamber,” Science Direct, Building and Environment 42, pp. 139-145, Aug. 2005.
[11] B.V.V. Reddy and P.P. Kumar, “Compressive strength and elastic properties of stabilized rammed earth and masonry,” Department of Civil engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 2009.
[12] C. Jayasinghe and N. Kamaladasa, “Compressive strength characteristics of cement stabilized rammed earth walls,” Science Direct, Construction and Building materials, 21, pp. 1971-1976, 2007.
[13] B. Steve, “Recommendations for the selection and stabilization of soil for rammed earth wall construction,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies (NOCMAT 2009), Bath, United Kingdom, Sep. 2009.
[14] G.W.T.C. Kandamby, “Cement stabilized rammed earth for load bearing walls of two storey house – Case study,” in Annual sessions of Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka, pp.15-22, Oct. 2015.
[15] B. Windstorm, “A report of contemporary of rammed earth construction and research in North America,” United States, Jan. 2013.
[16] R. Gupta, “Case Study Characterizing material properties of cement-stabilized rammed earth to construct sustainable insulated walls,” 2014.

Keywords
Earth building, Rammed earth, Affordability, Sustainability.