Assessment and Correlation Analysis of Water Quality Parameters: A case Study of Surma River at Sylhet Division, Bangladesh

Assessment and Correlation Analysis of Water Quality Parameters: A case Study of Surma River at Sylhet Division, Bangladesh

  IJETT-book-cover  International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)          
  
© 2017 by IJETT Journal
Volume-53 Number-3
Year of Publication : 2017
Authors : Tajmunnaher, Dr. Mohammad Aktarul Islam Chowdhury
DOI :  10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V53P223

Citation 

Tajmunnaher, Dr. Mohammad Aktarul Islam Chowdhury "Assessment and Correlation Analysis of Water Quality Parameters: A case Study of Surma River at Sylhet Division, Bangladesh", International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), V53(3),126-136 November 2017. ISSN:2231-5381. www.ijettjournal.org. published by seventh sense research group

Abstract
Water is a valued natural resource for the existence of all living organisms. Management of the quality of this precious resource is, therefore, of special importance. The Surma River basin is located in the north eastern region of Bangladesh. The river receives wastewater from numerous numbers of sources along its way, which are discharged as industrial effluents, municipal sewage, household wastes and agricultural wastes. The purpose of this study is to access water quality and correlation analysis on the basis of physico-chemical parameters such as Temperature, PH, DO (Dissolved Oxygen), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TS (Total Solids), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and SS (Suspended Solids) in both rainy season and winter season for the years 2010 to 2013. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) value is determined using correlation matrix to identify the highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters. To test the significance of the pair of parameters p-value is carried out. From the assessment study it is found that the temperature, PH, BOD, COD, TS and TDS values are increasing with respect to time and SS is also increasing in winter season with respect to time. In case of correlation study we found that the relationship between temperature with PH, PH with COD, PH with TS, BOD with COD, BOD with TS, BOD with TDS, COD with TS, COD with TDS and TS with TDS is established which showing a very good correlation for Surma River in rainy season and in winter season the relationship between DO with TS, DO with TDS and TS with TDS showing a very good correlation.

Reference
[1] A. Agarwal, ?Removal of Cu and Pb from aqueous solution by using eggshell as an adsorbent,Int. J. Res. Chem. Environ., Vol. 3, pp. 198-202, Jan. 2013.
[2] A. Agarwal, and M. Saxena, ?Assessment of toxic effect of Brass and Steel industries waste on labeo Rohita in nearby river, International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Management., vol.2, issue1, pp. 107-110, 2011.
[3] A. Agarwal, and M. Saxena, ?Correlation between physicochemical water parameters using regression analysis, Asian J. of Water, Environment and Pollution., vol.8, issue 4, pp. 97-100, Mar. 2011.
[4] A. Agarwal, and M. Saxena, ?Assessment of toxic effect of industrial effluent on aquatic life in the River Gagan at Moradabad-India,Der Chemica Sinica., vol.2, issue 2, pp. 172-176, 2011.
[5] A.C. Barbosa, A.A.P. Boischio, G.A. East, I. Ferrari, A. Goncalves, and P.R.M. Silva, ?Mercury contamination in the Brazilian Amazon, Water Air Soil Pollut., Vol. 80, pp.109-121, Feb. 1995.
[6] A.C. Chindah, A.S. Braide, and O.C. Sibeudu, ?Distribution of hydrocarbons and heavy metals in sediment and a crustacean from the bonny/new calabar river estuary, Niger Delta, Ajeam-Ragee., vol.9, pp 1-14, 2004.
[7] A. Hossain, ?Evaluation of Surface water Quality: A case study on Surma River, B.Sc. Engineering Thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh, Mar. 2001.
[8] A.K. Covington, P.D. Whalley, and W. Davison, ?Recommendations for the determination of PH in low ionic strength fresh waters, Pure and Applied Chemistry., Vol. 57, Issue. 6, pp. 877-886, 1985.
[9] A.K.M.L. Rahman, M. Islam, M.Z. Hossain, and M.A. Ahsan, ?Study of the Seasonal Variations in Turag river water quality parameters, African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry., Vol. 6, Issue 10, pp. 144-148, 2012.
[10] APHA-AWWA-WPCF, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 19th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington. 1998.
[11] B. Rajkumar, and G.D. Sharma, ?Seasonal bacteriological analysis of Barak River, Assam, India, Appl Water Sci., Vol. 3, pp. 625–630, 2013.
[12] Department of Environment (DOE), Environmental Quality Standard for Bangladesh., Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Government of Bangladesh, 1993.
[13] D.M. Joshi, N.S. Bhandari, K. Alok, and A. Namita, ?Statistical analysis of Physico-Chemical parameters of water of river Ganga in Haridwar district, Rasayan.J.Chem., Vol. 2, Issue. 3, pp. 579-587, 2009.
[14] F.A.S. Mohammed, ?Histopathological studies on Tilapia zilli and Solea vulgaris from lake Quran, Egypt, World J. Fish Mar. Sci., Vol. 1, pp. 29–39, 2009.
[15] F.X. Simon, Y. Penru, A.R. Guastalli, J. Llorens, and S. Baig, ?Improvement of the analysis of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of Mediterranean seawater by seeding control, Talanta., Vol. 85, Issue. 1, pp. 527-532, 2011.
[16] H.D. Ogbuagu, ?Physico-chemical characterization of brewery effluent and its toxicity on the developmental stage in Bufo regularis and bentho-pelagic organism, A M.Sc. Thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 1999.
[17] I. Mohammed, F. Othman, A.I.N. Ibrahim, M.E. Alaa-Eldin, and R.M. Yunus, ?Assessment of water quality parameters using multivariate analysis for Klang River basin, Malaysia, Enviro Monit Assess., 187:4182, 2015.
[18] J.B.A. Alam, A. Hossain, S.K. Khan, B.K. Banik, M.R. Islam, Z. Muyen, and M.H. Rahman, ?Deterioration of water quality of Surma River. Environ Monit Assess.,Springer Science,DOI 10.1007/s10661-007-9612-7, 2007.
[19] J.R. Stark, P.E. Hanson, R.M. Goldstein, J.D. Fallon, A.L. Fong, K.E. Lee, S.E. Kroening, and W.J. Andrews, ?Water Quality in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Iowa, and North Dakota, 1995–98, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA, 2001.
[20] J.Y. Patel, and M.V. Vaghani, ?Correlation Study for the Assessment of Water Quality and its Parameters of Par River Valsad, Gujrat, India, International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering., Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 150-156, 2015.
[21] K. Dey, S.C. Mohapatra, and M.B. Misra, ?Assessment of Water Quality Parameters of the River Brahmani at Rourkela,?Jr. of Industrial Pollution Control., Vol. 21, Issue 2, pp. 299- 304, 2005.
[22] K. Jothivenkatachalam, A. Nithya, and S.C. Mohan, ?Correlation Analysis of Drinking Water Quality in and Around Perur Block of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India, Rasayanjournal., Vol.3, Issue 4, pp. 649-654, 2010.
[23] K.P. Singh, A. Malik, D. Mohan, and S. Sinha, ?Multivariate Statistical Techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in quality of Gomti river (India) using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study,? Water Research., Vol. 38, pp. 3980-3992, 2004.
[24] M. Agarwal, and A. Agarwal, ?Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis of Water Quality Parameters: A Case Study of River Kosi at District Rampur, India, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology., Vol. 2, Issue 12, pp. 7273-7278, Dec, 2013.
[25] M.A.I. Chowdhury, T. Naher, and P. Ahmed, ?A Research Work on Water Quality of the River Surma and Kushiyara?. B.Sc. Engineering Thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh, Jan. 2011.
[26] M.J.B. Alam, M.R. Islam, Z. Muyen, M. Mamun, and S. Islam, ?Water quality parameters along rivers. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp. 159-167, Dec. 2007.
[27] M.J. Ell, ?Total suspended solids (TSS). In N. D. D. O., Health Ed., Northg Dakotan, USA, 2008.
[28] M. Grum, R. H. Aalderink, L. Lijklema, and H. Spliid, ?The underlying structure of systematic variations in the event mean concentrations of pollutants in urban runoff, Water Sci. Tech., Vol. 36(8–9), pp. 135–140, 1997.
[29] M. Guettaf, A. Maoui, and Z. Ihdene, ?Assessment of water quality: a case study of the Seybouse River (North East of Algeria), Applied Water Science, Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp. 295–307, Mar. 2017.
[30] M.I. Sarwar, A.K. Majumdar, and M.N. Islam, ?Water Quality Parameters: A case Study of Karnafully River Chittagong, Bangladesh, Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res., Vol. 45, Issue 2, pp. 177-181, 2010.
[31] M.J. Hammer, Water and Wastewater Technology, 5th ed. Practice-Hall Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. pp. 139–141, 2004.
[32] M.J. Pawari, and S.M. Gavande, ?Assessment of Water Quality Parameters: A Review, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)., Vol. 4, Issue 7, pp. 1427-1431, 2015.
[33] M.J. Yeasmin, and M.S.K.A. Sarkar, ?Water quality deterioration of the River Surma and its causes, B.Sc. Engineering Thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh, Nov. 2003.
[34] M. Koshy, and T.V. Nayar, ?Water quality aspects of River Pamba, Pollut. Res., Vol. 18, pp. 501–510, 1999.
[35] M.N. Uddin, M.S. Alam, M.N. Mobin, and M.A. Miah, ?An Assessment of the River Water Quality Parameters: A case of Jamuna River, J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources., Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp. 249-256, 2014.
[36] M. Rajasegar, ?Physico-chemical characteristics of the Vellar estuary in relation to shrimp farming, J. Environ. Biol., Vol. 24, pp. 95-101, 2003.
[37] M.S. Bhuyan, and M.A. Bakar, ?Assessment of water quality in Halda River (the Major carp breeding ground) of Bangladesh, J. Pollution., Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 429-441, Jul. 2017.
[38] N. Khatoon, A.H. Khan, M. Rehman, and V. Pathak, ?Correlation Study for the Assessment of Water Quality and its Parameters of Ganga River, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC)., Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 80-90, 2013.
[39] N. Kumar, ?An Approach to River Water Quality Management through Correlation Study among Various Water Quality Parameters, Report and Opinion., Vol. 2, Issue 10, pp. 58-63, 2010.
[40] N. Nahar, M.A.H. Lalon, B. Saha, and M.R. Shaibur, ?Assessment of physico-chemical properties of water of Gorai River at Kushtia town in 2014: a case study, Journal of Science technology & Environment Informatics., Volume 02, Issue 02, pp. 51-60, 2016.
[41] N.Y. Kwok, S. Dong, W. Lo, and K.Y. Wong, ?An optical biosensor for multi-sample determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical., Vol. 110, Issue. 2, pp. 289-298, 2005.
[42] O.M. Kolawole, K.T. Ajayi, A.B. Olayemi, and A.I. Okoh, ?Assessment of Water Quality in Asa River (Nigeria) and Its Indigenous Clarias gariepinus Fish, Int J Environ Res Public Health, Vol. 8, Issue 11, pp. 4332–4352, 2011.
[43] O.M. Kolawole, T.B. Ajibola, and O.O. Osuolale, ?Bacteriological Investigation of a wastewater discharge run-off stream in Ilorin, Nigeria, J. Appl. Environ. Sci., Vol. 4, pp. 33–37, 2008.
[44] O.P. Bricker, B.F. Jones, ?Main factors affecting the composition of natural waters, In: Salbu, B., Steinnes, E. (Eds.), Trace Elements in natural Waters., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 1-5, 1995.
[45] P.G. Oram, (2017) [Online]. Available: www.water-research.net/index.php/stream-water-quality-importance-of-temperature.
[46] P. Vervier, A. Pinheiro, A. Fabre, G. Pinay, and E. Fustec, ?Spatial changes in the modalities of N and P inputs in a rural river network, Water Res., Vol. 33, Issue 1, pp. 95–104, 1999.
[47] S.N. Thitame, and G. M. Pondhe, "Assessment of seasonal variation in physico-chemical characteristics and quality of Pravara River water for irrigation use in Sangamner, Dist Ahmednagar, Maharashtra," Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 316-320, 2010.
[48] S.P. Gorde, and M.V. Jadhav, ?Assessment of Water Quality Parameters: A Review, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications., Vol. 3, Issue 6, pp. 2029-2035, 2013.
[49] S.R. Kar, and M.I.U. Chowdhury, ?Water quality analysis of Kushiyara River, B.Sc. Engineering Thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh, Apr. 2013.
[50] S. Roy, L.N. Banna, M. Hossain, and H. Rahman, ?Water quality of Narai canal and Balu River of Dhaka City: An impact of industrialization, J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ., Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 285-290, 2014.
[51] S.S. Ahammed, S. Tasfina, K.A. Rabbani, and M.A. Khaleque, ?An Investigation into the Water Quality of Buriganga-A River Running Through Dhaka, Int. Journal of Sci. & tech. res., Volume 5, Issue 03, March 2016.
[52] S. Shalla, and S. Ghosh, ?Assessment of water quality parameters of lower lake, Bhopal, Archives of Applied Science Research., Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 8-11, 2014.
[53] R.S. Ambasht, and P.K. Ambasht, Environment and Pollution an ecological approach, 3rd Ed., CBS publishers and Distributors. 1999.
[54] T. Agusa, T. Kunito, H. Iwata, L. Monirith, T.S. Tana, A. Subramanian, and S. Tanabe, ?Mercury contamination in human hair and fish from Cambodia: Levels, specific accumulation and risk assessment, Environ. Pollut., vol.134, pp. 79-86, 2005.
[55] W. Viessman, and M.J. Hammer, Water supply and pollution control, 7th ed., The University of Michigan. USA: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.
[56] Y. Bulut, and Z. Baysal, ?Removal of Pb (II) from wastewater using wheat Bran, J. Environ. Manage., vol.78, pp. 107-113, 2006.
[57] Z.A. Vassilis, D.M. Papamichail, and K.A. Mitsiou, ?Statistical and trend analysis of water quality and quantity data for the strymon River in Greece, Hydrology and Earth System Science., Vol. 5, Issue 4, pp. 679-691, 2001.
[58] Z.G. Gold, L.A. Glushchenko, S.P. Morozova, S.P. Shulepina, I. Shadrin, ?A water quality assessment based on chemical and biological characteristics: an example of classification of characteristics for the Cheremushnyi Creek-Yenisey River water system, Russia Water Resour.,Vol. 30, pp. 304–314, 2003.
[59] Z.G. Ji, ?Hydrodynamics and water quality: modelling rivers, lakes and estuaries, Wiley-Interscience.,2008.
[60] (2017) Surma River, [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surma_River.
[61] (2015) Surma-Meghna River System, [Online]. Available: http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Surma-Meghna_River_System.
[62] (2007) Synder,J., Dissolved Oxygen. [Online]. Available: http://www.seagrant.sunysb.edu/oil/water%20Quality/DissolvedQxygen.html2013.

Keywords
Surma River, Water Quality Parameters, Correlation Coefficient, rainy season, winter season.