Chemical Characterization of Cow Urine For Cooling Media Application In Metallurgical Operations

Chemical Characterization of Cow Urine For Cooling Media Application In Metallurgical Operations
  IJETT-book-cover           
  
© 2021 by IJETT Journal
Volume-69 Issue-10
Year of Publication : 2021
Authors : M.Maruthi Rao, NVVS Sudheer, S. A. Basha
DOI :  10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V69I10P208

How to Cite?

M.Maruthi Rao, NVVS Sudheer, S. A. Basha, "Chemical Characterization of Cow Urine For Cooling Media Application In Metallurgical Operations," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 52-56, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V69I10P208

Abstract
In this research work alkali nature of cow urine as cooling media for metallurgical operations were examined. The alkaline nature of cow urine acts as a good electrolyte liquid. One of the most common processes in quenching is the vaporization of liquids. During this process, due to Leiden, the frost phenomenon leads to generating uneven residual stress, crack distortions and thus avoid homogeneous quenching. In this work, the chemical characterization of cow urine has been tested by means of Differential Scanning Calorimeter/Thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle size analyzer (PSA), and Conductivity meter, through these tests the points of interest are (i) how ingredients activated, (ii) mass measurement while the temperature of a sample is changed over the time, (iii) evaluate the thermal stability, and (iv)specific heat of cooling medium. Cow urine specific heat 4.517J/gm0c at room temperature is high compared with water, and the boiling point is slightly higher than water, C-H, C=O, OH groups present, particles are monodisperse 7091.5nm spherical size present. Due to ingredients present in the cow urine, it exhibits superior properties with respect to thermal and heat transfer characteristics than other cooling media. Moreover, it provides uniform quenching, better thermal and cooling properties, so cow urine is one more option for cooling media.

Keywords
Alkaline nature, Cow urine, DSC/TGA, FTIR, Leiden frost point.

Reference
[1] P. Farida Minocheherhomji, Detection of phytochemicals in cow urine and their role as antimutagens, Int. J. Adv. Res. 4 (11) (2016) 1399e1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/2225
[2] Wahidul Hasan; Sajib Chakraborty; M. Abdur Razzak; K. M. SalimDesign and analysis of a green energy technology for power generation using cow urine. IEEE 16-18,2017. 2017 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE).
[3] Pratyush Bisen , Rajnarayan Choudhary , Samir khule Cow Urine Power Generated System, International Journal of Advance Research in science and engineering, 4(2015).
[4] Wahidul Hasan, Hafiz Ahmed, and Khosru M. Salim, Generation of Electricity Using Cow Urine, International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies ISSN 2028-9324. 9(4) (2014) 1465-1471.
[5] Vidyadhar biswal, Manoj kumar, Aakash kumar ,Shubham Sharma, Generation Of Hydrogen From Cow Urine, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 04(08) (2017).
[6] M. Beck, C. Schmidt, M. Ahrenberg, C. Schick, U. Kragl, O. Keßler, The Ideal Quenching Medium? – Characterisation of Ionic Liquids for Heat Treatment of Metallic Components, HTM J. Heat Treatm. Mat. 68 (2013) 5 (formerly HTM Z. Werkst. Wärmebeh. Fertigung. https://doi.org/10.3139/105.110196
[7] Meghnath Prabhu, Srikanth Mutnuri, Santosh Kumar Dubey, Milind Mohan Naik, One-pot rapid synthesis of face-centered cubic silver nanoparticles using fermented cow urine, a nanoweapon against fungal and bacterial pathogens, J. Bionanoscience 8 (2014). DOI 10.1007/s41208-017-0023-4
[8] S.Parsons, Advanced Oxidative Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment, IWA Publishing, UK, (2004).
[9] T.A. Egerton, Titanium Compounds Kirk Othemes Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, vol. 24, John Wiley, (1997) 225-274.
[10] S.P. Vinay, Udayabhanu , G. Nagaraju , C.P. Chandrappa , N. Chandrasekhar, Novel Gomutra (cow urine) mediated synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles and their enhanced photocatalytic, photoluminescence and antibacterial studies. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices 4 (2019) 392-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2019.08.004
[11] G. Ramesh and K N Prabhu, Effect of thermal conductivity and viscosity on cooling performance of liquid quench media. International Heat treatment and Surface Engineering 2014, Volume 8. PP:24-28. https://doi.org/10.1179/1749514813Z.00000000082.
[12] A. S. Adekunle , K. A. Adebiyi and M. O. Durowoju, Impact Of Quench Severity And Hardness On Aisi 4137 Using Eco-Friendly Quenchants As Industrial Heat Treatment, Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences (JMES) 4(2013) 409-417. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.4.2013.5.0038
[13] T. holjevac Grguri? a,D. Manasijevi?, PhaSe tranSforMatIon and MIcroStructure Study of the aS-caSt cu-rIch cu-al-Mn ternary alloys, J. Min. Metall. Sect. B-Metall. 53 (3) B (2017) 413 – 422. https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB170809039H
[14] Han-cheng shih,, New-Jin HO, Precipitation behaviors in Al-Cu-Mg and 2024 aluminum alloys, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions 27(1996) 2479–2494(1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652342
[15] James Jan, D. Scott MacKenzie, On the Characterization of Heat Transfer Rate in Various Boiling Regimes Using Quenchometers and Its Application for Quenching Process Simulations.
[16] MacKenzie, D.S., Understanding the Cooling Curve Test, Thermal Processing, January/February, 2017. https://www.houghtonintl.com/sites/default/files/resource s/article_- _understanding_the_cooling_curve_test_0.pdf.
[17] MacKenzie, D.S., Bogh, N., and Croucher, T., Quenching of Aluminum Alloys,” Heat Treating of Nonferrous Alloys, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 4E (2016) 148–178.
[18] Ljiljana Pedisic, Bozidar Matijevic, The influence of Quenchants Composition on the Cooling rate, New chanllenges in Heat treatment and Surface Engineering, conference in Honour of Prof. Bozidar Liscic 09-12 june 2009, Croatia. https://doi.org/10.1179/1749514811Z.0000000007
[19] J. Rishwan, J A Noor, M.S.Zakaria, Effect of Heat treatment on Micro structure and Mechanical Properties of 6061 Aluminium alloy. Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(2014) 89-98.
[20] S.B. Hassan and V.S. Aigbodion “ Evaluation of Khaya seed oil as Quenchants in the Hardening Process of Plain carbon steel”. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 14 (2013) 19-29.
[21] Nirav K. Bais, and Darshil P. Trivedi, The Urine Engine, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 58(1) (2018) 35-40.