Experimental Investigations on CI Engine for Performance, and Emissions Fuelled with Stabilised Binary Diesel/ JME Blends Doped with Nano Metallic Oxide Additive Particles Using DEE and Non- Ionic Surfactants

Experimental Investigations on CI Engine for Performance , and Emissions Fuelled with Stabilised Binary Diesel/ JME Blends Doped with Nano Metallic Oxide Additive Particles Using DEE , and Non- Ionic Surfactants

  IJETT-book-cover           
  
© 2021 by IJETT Journal
Volume-69 Issue-8
Year of Publication : 2021
Authors : N.S.C. Chaitanya, Y.V.V. Satyanarayana Murthy, M.R.S. Satyanarayana
DOI :  10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V69I8P220

How to Cite?

N.S.C. Chaitanya, Y.V.V. Satyanarayana Murthy, M.R.S. Satyanarayana, "Experimental Investigations on CI Engine for Performance , and Emissions Fuelled with Stabilised Binary Diesel/ JME Blends Doped with Nano Metallic Oxide Additive Particles Using DEE , and Non- Ionic Surfactants," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 161-173, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V69I8P220

Abstract
Research with experimentation was carried out to assess the impact of the addition of nano-sized fuel-borne additives (Al2O3) to a tri-fuel mix consisting of pure diesel, biodiesel made from Jatropa methyl ester, , and diethyl ether (DEE). The combustion, performance, , and emission characteristics of this tri-fuel combination are studied in a compression-ignition engine having a single cylinder. DEE is widely recognized as an ignition improver owing to its higher cetane number , and also serves as a stabilizer for the suspended nanoparticles. The size of Al2O3 nanoparticles was fixed at 25nm, , and concentration is changed from 25ppm to 50ppm in binary diesel/ JME mix. Nanoparticles have a greater surface area/volume ratio, allowing for more efficient combustion , and better engine performance , and emissions. Surfactants Triton-X100 , and Brij58 were selected independently to suspend the nanoparticles in this fuel mix utilizing an ultrasonic liquid processor. The experiment findings indicate that tri-fuel mix with Al2O3 nanoparticles demonstrated 1.25 percent better brake thermal efficiency than neat diesel, decreased NOx emissions by 200ppm than plain diesel. It is also discovered that Brij58 exhibited superior performance compared to triton-X100 surfactant in the refuel mix.

Keywords
Jatropa, Al2O3 Nanoparticles, DEE, Surfactants, NHRR, CHRR, NOx & Smoke.

Reference
[1] Erwin, J., D.S. Moulton, , and D.L. Hetrick., Maintenance , and Operation of the USDOE Alternative Fuel Center, (1994). https://doi.org/10.2172/149992.
[2] Iranmanesh, Masoud, J. P. Subrahmanyam, , and M.K.G. Babu., Potential of Diethyl Ether as a Blended Supplementary Oxygenated Fuel with Biodiesel to Improve Combustion , and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines, 2008-01–1805, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-1805.
[3] Kito-Borsa, Tomoko, Debra A. Pacas, Sami Selim, , and Scott W. Cowley., Properties of an Ethanol?Diethyl Ether?Water Fuel Mixture for Cold-Start Assistance of an Ethanol-Fueled Vehicle., Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 37(8) (1998) 3366– 74. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie970171l.
[4] Clothier, P.Q.E., A. Moise, , and H.O. Pritchard., Effect of Free- Radical Release on Diesel Ignition Delay under Simulated Cold- Starting Conditions., Combustion , and Flame 81 (1990) 3-4 242– 50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(90)90022-J.
[5] Gjirja, Savo, Erik Olsson, and Anders Karlström., Considerations on Engine Design and Fuelling Technique Effects on Qualitative Combustion in Alcohol Diesel Engines, 982530, (1998). https://doi.org/10.4271/982530.
[6] Mack, J.H., D.L. Flowers, B.A. Buchholz, and R.W. Dibble., Investigation of HCCI Combustion of Diethyl Ether, and Ethanol Mixtures Using Carbon 14 Tracing, and Numerical Simulations., Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 30(2) (2005) 2693–2700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.136.
[7] Iranmanesh, Masoud, J.P. Subrahmanyam, and M.K.G. Babu., Potential of Diethyl Ether as Supplementary Fuel to Improve N.S.C. Chaitanya et al. ./ IJETT, 69(8), 161-173, 2021 172 Combustion, and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines, 2008-28–0044, (2008). https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-28-0044.
[8] Mohanan, P., N. Kapilan, and R. P. Reddy., Effect of Diethyl Ether on the Performance, and Emission of a 4 - S Di Diesel Engine, 2003-01–0760, 2003. https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01- 0760.
[9] Clothier, P.Q.E., A. Moise, and H.O. Pritchard., Effect of Free- Radical Release on Diesel Ignition Delay under Simulated Cold- Starting Conditions., Combustion, and Flame 81(1990) 3–4 242– 50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(90)90022-J.
[10] G. Windholz, ed. The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and chemicals, and drugs, and Biologicals. The tenth edition., (1983).
[11] Bailey, B., Eberhardt, J., Goguen, S., and Erwin, J., Diethyl Ether (DEE) as a Renewable Diesel Fuel, SAE Technical Paper 972978, (1997) https://doi.org/10.4271/972978.
[12] Kumar, MS, Ramesh, A, and Nagalingam, B. An experimental comparison of methods to use methanol and Jatropha oil in a compression ignition engine. United Kingdom: N. p., (2003). https:// doi:10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00018-7
[13] Idriss, H., Ethanol Reactions over the Surfaces of Noble Metal/Cerium Oxide Catalysts., Platinum Metals Review 48(3) (2004) 105–15. https://doi.org/10.1595/147106704X1603.
[14] Selvan, V Arul Mozhi, R B An, and, , and M Udaya kumar., Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Addition in Diesel , and Diesel-Biodiesel-Ethanol Blends on the Performance , and Emission Characteristics of a CI Engine., 4(7) (2009).
[15] Jung, H., Kittelson, D. B., & Zachariah, M. R., The influence of a cerium additive on ultrafine diesel particle emissions , and kinetics of oxidation. Combustion , and Flame, 142(3) (2005) 276-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.11.015
[16] Sanchez Escribano, V, Fern, andez Lopez, E, del Hoyo Martinez, C, Gallardo-Amores, J M, Pistarino, C, Panizza, M, Resini, C, & Busca, G. A study of a ceria-zirconia-supported manganese oxide catalyst for combustion of Diesel soot particles. The United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMBUSTFLAME.2007.11.010.
[17] Idriss, H., Ethanol Reactions over the Surfaces of Noble Metal/Cerium Oxide Catalysts., Platinum Metals Review 48(3) (2004) 105–15. https://doi.org/10.1595/147106704X1603.
[18] Park B, Donaldson K, Duffin R, Tran L, Kelly F, Mudway I, Morin JP, Guest R, Jenkinson P, Samaras Z, Giannouli M, Kouridis H, Martin P. Hazard, and risk assessment of a nanoparticulate cerium oxide-based diesel fuel additive - a case study. Inhal Toxicol. 20(6) (2008) 547-66. doi: 10.1080/08958370801915309. PMID: 18444008.
[19] Melanie Auffan, Jerome Rose, Thierry Orsiere, Michel De Meo, Antoine Thill, Ophelie Zeyons, Olivier Proux, Arm, and Maison, Perrine Chaur, and Olivier Spalla, Alain Botta, Mark R. Wiesner & Jean-Yves Bottero., CeO2 nanoparticles induce DNA damage towards human dermal fibroblasts in vitro, Nanotoxicology, 3(2) (2009) 161-171, DOI: 10.1080/17435390902788086
[20] M. Kao, C. Ting, B. Lin, and T. Tsung., Aqueous Aluminum Nanofluid Combustion in Diesel Fuel, Journal of Testing, and Evaluation 36(2) (2008) 186-190. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE100579
[21] Agarwal, A. K., and Das, L. M. (December 27, 2000)., Biodiesel Development, and Characterization for Use as a Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines., ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 123(2) (2001) 440–447. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1364522.
[22] S. Imtenan, H.H. Masjuki ?, M. Varman, I.M. Rizwanul Fattah, H. Sajjad, M.I. Arbab, Effect of n-butanol, and diethyl ether as oxygenated additives on combustion–emission-performance characteristics of a multiple cylinder diesel engines fuelled with diesel–jatropha biodiesel blend, Energy Conversion, and Management 94 (2015) 84–94, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.01.047
[23] K Pramanik., Properties, and use of jatropha curcas oil, and diesel fuel blends in compression ignition engine, Renewable Energy, 28(2) (2003) 239-248, ISSN 0960-1481, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(02)00027-7.
[24] Kao, M. J., Lin, B. F., and Tsung, T. T., The Study of High- Temperature Reaction Responding to Diesel Engine Performance, and Exhaust Emission by Mixing Aluminium Nano fluid in Diesel Fuel, 18th Internal Combustion Engine Symposium Jeju, Korea, (2005).
[25] Jones, M., Li, C.H., Afjeh, A. et al. Experimental study of combustion characteristics of nanoscale metal, and metal oxide additives in biofuel (ethanol). Nanoscale Res Lett 6(246) (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-6-246
[26] Attia, AMA, El-Seesy, AI, El-Batsh, HM, & Shehata, MS., Effects of Alumina Nanoparticles Additives Into Jojoba Methyl Ester- Diesel Mixture on Diesel Engine Performance., Proceedings of the ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress, and Exposition. 6B(2014) 14–20., Energy. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. V06BT07A019. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2014- 39988.
[27] Teoh, Y., Masjuki, H., Kalam, M., Amalina, M. et al., Impact of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on Performance, Exhaust Emission, and Combustion Characteristics in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine., SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2679, (2013) https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2679.
[28] Cherng-Yuan Lin, Kuo-Hua Wang, Diesel engine performance, and emission characteristics using three-phase emulsions as fuel, Fuel, 83(2004) 537-545, ISSN 0016- 2361,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2003.08.012.
[29] Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Biofuels (alcohols, and biodiesel applications as fuels for internal combustion engines, Progress in Energy, and Combustion Science, 33(3) (2007) 233-271, ISSN 0360-1285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2006.08.003.
[30] Cowart, J., Carr, M., Caton, P., Stoulig, L. et al., High Cetane Fuel Combustion Performance in a Conventional Military Diesel Engine., SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 4(1) (2011) 34-47, https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0334.
[31] Nwafor, O.M.I. Knock characteristics of dual-fuel combustion in diesel engines using natural gas as the primary fuel. Sadhana 27 (2002) 375–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02703658
[32] Han, Zhiyu, et al., Mechanism of Soot, and NOx Emission Reduction Using Multiple-Injection in a Diesel Engine., SAE Transactions, 105 (1996) 837–852. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/44736321. Accessed 7 Mar. 2021.
[33] Forson, F.K, E.K Oduro, and E Hammond-Donkoh., Performance of Jatropha Oil Blends in a Diesel Engine., Renewable Energy 29(7) (2004) 1135–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2003.11.002.
[34] V. Sajith, C. B. Sobhan, and G. P. Peterson., Experimental Investigations on the Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Fuel Additives on Biodiesel., Advances in Mechanical Engineering 174 (2010), Article ID 581407
[35] Kumar, MS, Ramesh, A, and Nagalingam, B. An experimental comparison of methods to use methanol and Jatropha oil in a compression ignition engine. United Kingdom: N. (2003). https:// doi:10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00018-7
[36] Sadhik Basha, J., An Experimental Analysis of a Diesel Engine Using Alumina Nanoparticles Blended Diesel Fuel, (2014) 2014- 01–1391, https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1391.
[37] Sharma, S.K., Das, R.K. & Sharma, A. Improvement in the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with jatropha methyl ester and tyre pyrolysis oil by the addition of nano additives. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 38 (2016) 1907– 1920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-015-0454-x.
[38] Iranmanesh, Masoud, J. P. Subrahmanyam, and M.K.G. Babu., Potential of Diethyl Ether as a Blended Supplementary Oxygenated Fuel with Biodiesel to Improve Combustion, and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines., 2008-01–1805, (2008). https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-1805.
[39] Jung, Heejung, David B. Kittelson, , and Michael R. Zachariah., The Influence of a Cerium Additive on Ultrafine Diesel Particle Emissions, and Kinetics of Oxidation., Combustion, and Flame 142(3) (2005) 276–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.11.015.
[40] Effects of cerium oxide Nanoparticle addition in diesel, and diesel –biodiesel –ethanol blends on the performance, and emission characteristics of a CI engine.V. Arul MozhiSelvan, R. B. An, and, and M. Udayakumar., 4(7) (2009) ISSN 1819-6608 ARPN Journal of Engineering, and Applied Sciences ©2006-2009 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved
[41] Sadhik Basha, J., An Experimental Analysis of a Diesel Engine Using Alumina Nanoparticles Blended Diesel Fuel, 2014-01– 1391, (2014). https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1391.
[42] Basha, J. Sadhik, , and R. B. An, and., Performance, Emission , and Combustion Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using Carbon Nanotubes Blended Jatropha Methyl Ester Emulsions., Alex, andria Engineering Journal 53(2 ) (2014) 259–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2014.04.001.
[43] H.Idriss. Ethanol Reactions over the Surfaces of Noble Metal/Cerium Oxide Catalysts DOI: 10.1595/147106704X1603 The University of Auckl, and, Department of Chemistry, Auckl, and, New Zeal, and
[44] Zhu, Lei, Wugao Zhang, Wei Liu, , and Zhen Huang., Experimental Study on Particulate, and NOx Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel, RME-Diesel Blends, and PME-Diesel Blends., Science of The Total Environment 408(5) (2010)1050–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.056.
[45] Mueller, Charles J., William J. Pitz, Lyle M. Pickett, Glen C. Martin, Dennis L. Siebers, and Charles K. Westbrook., Effects of Oxygenates on Soot Processes in DI Diesel Engines: Experiments, and Numerical Simulations., In SAE Technical Paper. SAE International, (2003). https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1791.
[46] Ramano K.L, O Maube, AA Alugongo., Diesel Engine Emission, and Performance Characteristics Fuelled with Jatropha Biodiesel. A Review., International Journal of Engineering Trends, and Technology ., 69(6) (2021) 79-86.