IJBTT

Environmental and Physical Vulnerability: A Systematic Literature Review

Environmental and Physical Vulnerability: A Systematic Literature Review
	© 2025 by IJETT Journal
	Volume-73 Issue-3
	Year of Publication : 2025
	Author : Herda Sabriyah Dara Kospa, Hala Haidir, Al Shida Natul, Shinta Puspasari
	DOI : 10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V73I3P103

How to Cite?
Herda Sabriyah Dara Kospa, Hala Haidir, Al Shida Natul, Shinta Puspasari, "Environmental and Physical Vulnerability: A Systematic Literature Review," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 22-46, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V73I3P103

Abstract
This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research on environmental and physical vulnerability in surface water areas, specifically in coastal regions, from 2015 to 2024. Using VOSviewer for co-authorship, active sources for publications, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence analysis, the study identifies key authors, countries, and journals while highlighting the major themes driving vulnerability research. The analysis reveals that China and India are significant contributors to environmental vulnerability research, whereas India, Australia, and the UK lead in studies focused on physical vulnerability. Key topics of interest include GIS-based vulnerability mapping, coastal zone management, and disaster risk assessment. There is a growing emphasis on integrated socio-ecological approaches and advanced modeling techniques. The study underscores the importance of geospatial tools and remote sensing in improving vulnerability assessments and emphasizes the need for greater interdisciplinary collaboration. Notably, the research landscape appears more fragmented regarding environmental vulnerability, while physical vulnerability studies demonstrate increasing interconnectivity. Emerging research areas include marine pollution, oil spill management, and integrated disaster risk management. The study advocates for future research to adopt multi-hazard frameworks, integrate technological tools with socioeconomic data, and enhance policy frameworks to support effective adaptation strategies. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing climate change adaptation and improving resilience in vulnerable coastal and urban areas.

Keywords
Geographic Information System, Remote sensing, Bibliometric analysis, Riverside, Coastal.

References
[1] Lili Zhao, Xuncheng Fan, and Dongjin He, “Landscape Changes and Their Socio-Economic Driving Factors in Coastal Zone,” Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 4855-4869, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] Stanley D. Brunnet et al., Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development, 3rd ed., Rowman and Littlefield, USA, 2003.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] Sindhu Sreeranga et al., “An Experimental Study on Oscillatory Characteristics of Young Mangroves Behind a Portable Reef,” Coastal Engineering Journal, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 110-125, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Sowmen Rahman, and Mohammed Ataur Rahman, “Climate Extremes and Challenges to Infrastructure Development in Coastal Cities in Bangladesh,” Weather and Climate Extremes, vol. 7, pp. 96-108, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] Khalid Oubennaceur et al., “Flood Risk Assessment under Climate Change: The Petite Nation River Watershed,” Climate, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1-23, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Xiaojing Sun et al., “Assessment of Climate Change Impacts and Urban Flood Management Schemes in Central Shanghai,” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 65, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Kodai Yamamoto, Takahiro Sayama, and Apip, “Impact of Climate Change on Flood Inundation in a Tropical River Basin in Indonesia,” Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Matilde García-Valdecasas Ojeda et al., “Climate Change Impact on Flood Hazard over Italy,” Journal of Hydrology, vol. 615, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Talea L. Mayo, and Ning Lin, “Climate Change Impacts to the Coastal Flood Hazard in the Northeastern United States,” Weather and Climate Extremes, vol. 36, pp. 1-14, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Md. Faisal, Milton Kumar Saha, and A.K.M. Abdul Ahad Biswas, “Risk Analysis of Climate Induced Disaster in Coastal Bangladesh: Study on Dashmina Upazila in Patuakhali District,” International Journal of Disaster Management, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 355-368, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] Mohsen Taherkhani et al., “Sea-Level Rise Exponentially Increases Coastal Flood Frequency,” Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Eduardo Lastrada, Guillermo Cobos, and Francisco Javier Torrijo, “Analysis of Climate Change’s Effect on Flood Risk. Case Study of Reinosa in the Ebro River Basin,” Water, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1-14, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Gulsan Ara Parvin et al., “Flood in a Changing Climate: The Impact on Livelihood and How the Rural Poor Cope in Bangladesh,” Climate, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1-15, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Hrachuhi Galstyan et al., “Spatial-Temporal Trends Analysis of Flood Events in the Republic of Armenia in the Context of Climate Change,” Journal of Water and Climate Change, vol. 11, no. S1, pp. 289-309, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] Hans-Martin Fussel, “Review and Quantitative Analysis of Indices of Climate Change Exposure, Adaptive Capacity, Sensitivity, and Impacts,” World Development Report Background Papers, 2010.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Anamaria Bukvic et al., “A Systematic Review of Coastal Vulnerability Mapping,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1-26, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] Joern Birkmann, “Risk and Vulnerability Indicators at Different Scales: Applicability, Usefulness and Policy Implications,” Environmental Hazards, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 20-31, 2007.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] Si Wang et al., “The Utilization of Physically Based Models and GIS Techniques for Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Storm Surge: A Case Study of Huizhou,” Frontiers in Marine Science, vol. 9, pp. 1-23, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] Entin Hidayah, Retno Utami Agung Wiyono, and Ageng Dwi Wicaksono, “Development of the Flood Vulnerability Index Using a Multi-Element Approach,” Journal of Water and Land Development, no. 50, pp. 255-264, 2021.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] Mahmoud Mohamed Badawy, Ebtehal Ahmed Abd Elmouety, and Mostafa Monir Mahmoud, “Assessing the Multidimensional Vulnerability of Lagging Regions: A Case Study of New Valley Governorate Egypt,” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1873-1885, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] Uddhav Prasad Guragain, and Philippe Doneys, “Social, Economic, Environmental, and Physical Vulnerability Assessment: An Index-Based Gender Analysis of Flood Prone Areas of Koshi River Basin in Nepal,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 16, pp. 1-26, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] Everaldo B. de Souza et al., “Small Municipalities in the Amazon under the Risk of Future Climate Change,” Climate, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1-19, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] Xiaoliang Liu et al., “Comprehensive Assessment of Vulnerability to Storm Surges in Coastal China: Towards a Prefecture-Level Cities Perspective,” Remote Sensing, vol. 15, no. 19, pp. 1-21, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] Joyce M. Molenaar et al., “Predicting Population-Level Vulnerability Among Pregnant Women Using Routinely Collected Data and the Added Relevance of Self-Reported Data,” European Journal of Public Health, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1210-1217, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] Md. Nawrose Fatemi et al., “Physical Vulnerability and Local Responses to Flood Damage in Peri-Urban Areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1-23, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[26] Suresh Kumar Rathi et al., “A Heat Vulnerability Index: Spatial Patterns of Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity for Urbanites of Four Cities of India,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[27] Rabindra Kumar Naik, Sagarika Dash, and Manoj Kumar Das, “Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies of Rice Cultivators in Odisha, India,” Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 131-142, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[28] Andhika Putra Sadanna, Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati, and Erni Suharini, “Community Vulnerability and Resilience to Flood Disaster in Losari District, Brebes Regency,” 2nd International Conference on Disaster Management and Climate Change, vol. 1314, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[29] David Moher et al., “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (Prisma-p) 2015 Statement,” Systematic Reviews, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[30] Wondimagegn Mengist, Teshome Soromessa, and Gudina Legese, “Method for Conducting Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis for Environmental Science Research,” MethodsX, vol. 7, pp. 1-11, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[31] Henry Small, “Visualizing Science by Citation Mapping,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 799-813, 1999.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[32] Alois Matorevhu, Bibliometrics: Application Opportunities and Limitations, Bibliometrics-An Essential Methodological Tool for Research Projects, IntechOpen eBooks, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[33] Jasmine Alves Campos et al., “Modeling Environmental Vulnerability for 2050 Considering Different Scenarios in the Doce River Basin, Brazil,” Water, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1-21, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[34] Rita Marcia da Silva Pinto Vieira et al., “Socio-Environmental Vulnerability to Drought Conditions and Land Degradation: An Assessment in Two Northeastern Brazilian River Basins,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1-15, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[35] Uilson Ricardo Venâncio Aires et al., “Modeling of Surface Sediment Concentration in the Doce River Basin using Satellite Remote Sensing,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 323, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[36] Emanoel Silva de Amorim, “Solutions to Contain Coastal Erosion: Analysis of Technical-Economic Feasibility,” International Journal of Petrochemical Science and Engineering, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-2, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[37] Susanne Ettinger et al., “Building Vulnerability to Hydro-Geomorphic Hazards: Estimating Damage Probability from Qualitative Vulnerability Assessment Using Logistic Regression,” Journal of Hydrology, vol. 541, pp. 563-581, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[38] Biswajeet Pradhan, Pratik J. Elias, and Mansour Almazroui, “Evaluating and Predicting Meteorological Drought Using Different Climate Reanalysis Datasets over New South Wales, Australia,” Earth Systems and Environment., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1657-1672, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[39] Muhammad Al-Amin Hoque et al., “Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability to Multi-Hazardous Events Using Geospatial Techniques along the Eastern Coast of Bangladesh,” Ocean and Coastal Management, vol. 181, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[40] Bo Tang, and Zhixiong Tan, “A Study on the Spatial-Temporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Atmospheric Vulnerability in the Pearl River Delta,” PLOS One, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 1-24, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[41] Lihua Sun, Chunguang Bai, and Joseph Sarkis, “Reward or Punishment? The Impact of Heterogeneous Environmental Regulatory Intervention on the Firm Market Value,” Business Strategy and the Environment, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 4004-4023, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[42] Jun Yang et al., “Rethinking of Environmental Health Risks: A Systematic Approach of Physical-Social Health Vulnerability Assessment on Heavy-Metal Exposure through Soil and Vegetables,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 24, pp. 1-19, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[43] Katawut Waiyasusri, and Srilert Chotpantarat, “Spatial Evolution of Coastal Tourist City Using the Dyna-Clue Model in Koh Chang of Thailand During 1990-2050,” ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-23, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[44] Felipe Saavedra Véliz, and Vicente Negro Valdecantos, “Coastal Vulnerability Assessment in the Southern Valparaíso Region, Chile,” Preprints, pp. 1-16, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[45] Carolina Martínez et al., “Coastal Erosion in Sandy Beaches along a Tectonically Active Coast: The Chile Study Case,” Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 250-271, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[46] Mauricio Villagrán, Matías Gómez, and Carolina Martínez, “Coastal Erosion and a Characterization of the Morphological Dynamics of Arauco Gulf Beaches under Dominant Wave Conditions,” Water, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-21, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[47] Alberto Fernandez-Perez, Iñigo J. Losada, and Javier L. Lara, “A Framework for Climate Change Adaptation of Port Infrastructures,” Coastal Engineering, vol. 191, pp. 1-18, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[48] Stabak Roy et al., “Incorporating Climate Change Resilience in India’s Railway Infrastructure: Challenges and Potential,” Mechatronics and Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 102-116, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[49] Neha, and M.A. Ansari, “Farmers’ Knowledge of Adaptation Strategies to Mitigate Climate Change and Factors Influencing Their Adoption,” International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 926-938, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[50] Abujam Manglem Singh, “Mapping of Heat Vulnerability in Indian Urban Centres Under Threat of Global Warming,” Journal of Applied and Natural Science, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1514-1519, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[51] Shivani Kumari et al., “A Review on Climate Change and Its Impact on Agriculture in India,” Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, vol. 39, no. 44, pp. 58-74, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[52] Cor A. Schipper et al., “Characterization of SDGs towards Coastal Management: Sustainability Performance and Cross-Linking Consequences,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1-33, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[53] Sahrish Saeed et al., “Climate Change Vulnerability, Adaptation, and Feedback Hypothesis: A Comparison of Lower-Middle, Upper-Middle, and High-Income Countries,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1-25, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[54] Tony G. Walter et al., “Climate Change Adaptation Methods for Public Health Prevention in Australia: An Integrative Review,” Current Environmental Health Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 71-87, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[55] Marie-Hélène Ruz et al., “Climate Change and Risk Perceptions in Two French Coastal Communities,” Journal of Coastal Research, vol. 95, no. S1, pp. 875-879, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[56] David Cabana et al., “Enabling Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Systems: A Systematic Literature Review,” Earth’s Future, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1-18, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[57] Elizabeth A. Mack, Ethan Theuerkauf, and Erin Bunting, “Coastal Typology: An Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Relationship between Socioeconomic Development and Shoreline Change,” Land, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1-17, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[58] Lida Davar et al., “A Spatial Integrated SLR Adaptive Management Plan Framework (SISAMP) Toward Sustainable Coasts,” Water, vol. 13, no. 16, pp. 1-17, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[59] Fernando A.F. Ferreira, “Mapping the Field of Arts-Based Management: Bibliographic Coupling and Co-Citation Analyses,” Journal of Business Research, vol. 85, pp. 348-357, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[60] Daniel Depellegrin et al., “Multi-Objective Spatial Tools to Inform Maritime Spatial Planning in the Adriatic Sea,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 609, pp. 1627-1639, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[61] Paulo Pereira et al., “Short-Term Effect of Wildfires and Prescribed fires on Ecosystem Services,” Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health, vol. 22, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[62] Payam Amir-Heidari, and Mohammad Raie, “A New Stochastic Oil Spill Risk Assessment Model for Persian Gulf: Development, Application and Evaluation,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 145, pp. 357-369, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[63] Giorgio Anfuso et al., “Coastal Sensitivity/Vulnerability Characterization and Adaptation Strategies: A Review,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-29, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[64] Tiago M. Alves et al., “Modelling of Oil Spills in Confined Maritime Basins: The Case for Early Response in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea,” Environmental Pollution, vol. 206, pp. 390-399, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[65] Bishnupriya Sahoo, and Prasad K. Bhaskaran, “A Comprehensive Data Set for Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge-Induced Inundation for the East Coast of India,” International Journal of Climatology, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 403-419, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[66] Stefania Balica, and Nigel G. Wright, “Reducing the Complexity of the Flood Vulnerability Index,” Environmental Hazards, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 321-339, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[67] Betty Namulunda Barasa, and Edangodage Duminda Pradeep Perera, “Analysis of Land Use Change Impacts on Flash Flood Occurrences in the Sosiani River Basin Kenya,” International Journal of River Basin Management, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 179-188, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[68] Bappa Das et al., “Climate Change Vulnerability of Coastal Agriculture in India: A Comparison of Principal Component Analysis and Entropy-Based Methods,” SSRN, pp. 1-50, 2024.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[69] Swamikannu Nedumaran et al., “Household Vulnerability to Climate Change and Identification of Target Beneficiaries to Implement Household-Specific Adaptation Strategies: A Quantitative Assessment,” Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, vol. 18, no, 2, pp. 17-34, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[70] Yan Zhang et al., “Coastal Vulnerability to Climate Change in China’s Bohai Economic Rim,” Environment International, vol. 147, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[71] Weicheng Xu, and Zhendong Zhang, “Impact of Coastal Urbanization on Marine Pollution: Evidence from China,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 17, pp. 1-25, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[72] Rosana Cristina Grecchi et al., “An Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Approach for Monitoring Areas Affected by Selective Logging: A Case Study in Northern Mato Grosso, Brazilian Amazon,” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol. 61, pp. 70-80, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[73] Pablo Pozzobon de Bem et al., “Change Detection of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon Using Landsat Data and Convolutional Neural Networks,” Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1-19, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[74] Amandangi Wahyuning Hastuti, Masahiko Nagai, and Komang Iwan Suniada, “Coastal Vulnerability Assessment of Bali Province, Indonesia Using Remote Sensing and GIS Approaches,” Remote Sensing, vol. 14, no. 17, pp. 1-21, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[75] Yuxin Zhang, and Xiyong Hou, “Characteristics of Coastline Changes on Southeast Asia Islands from 2000 to 2015,” Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1-22, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[76] Mohamed Awad, and Hossam M. El-Sayed, “The Analysis of Shoreline Change Dynamics and Future Predictions using Automated Spatial Techniques: Case of El-Omayed on the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt,” Ocean and Coastal Management, vol. 205, 2021
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[77] Paul A. Sandifer et al., “Human Health and Socioeconomic Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico,” Oceanography, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 174-191, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[78] Daniel Constantino Zacharias, and Adalgiza Fornaro, “Brazilian Offshore Oil Exploration Areas: An Overview of Hydrocarbon Pollution,” Environment and Water Magazine, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1-20, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[79] Ravinder Dhiman et al., “Flood Risk and Adaptation in Indian Coastal Cities: Recent Scenarios,” Applied Water Science, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[80] Komali Kantamaneni et al., “A Systematic Review of Coastal Vulnerability Assessment Studies along Andhra Pradesh, India: A Critical Evaluation of Data Gathering, Risk Levels and Mitigation Strategies,” Water, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1-22, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[81] Carolina Rocha, Carlos Antunes, and Cristina Catita, “Coastal Indices to Assess Sea-Level Rise Impacts-A Brief Review of the Last Decade,” Ocean and Coastal Management, vol. 237, pp. 1-23, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[82] Vivien Gornitz, Tammy W. White, and Robert M. Cushman, “Vulnerability of the US to Future Sea Level Rise,” 7th Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Long Beach, CA, USA, 1991.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[83] Clebson Pautz et al., “Mapping the Environmental Vulnerability of a Lagoon Using Fuzzy Logic and the AHP Method,” Water, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1-29, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[84] Nguyet Anh Dang et al., “Ecosystem Service Modelling to Support Nature-Based Flood Water Management in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 24, pp. 1-35, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[85] Vivien Gornitz, “Global Coastal Hazards from Future Sea Level Rise,” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol. 89, no. 4, pp. 379-398, 1991.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[86] Chayonn Marinho, João Luiz Nicolodi, and Jorge Arigony Neto, “Environmental Vulnerability to Oil Spills in Itapuã State Park, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil: An Approach Using Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation,” Environmental Pollution, vol. 288, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[87] Sumana Banerjee et al., “Securing the Sustainable Future of Tropical Deltas through Mangrove Restoration: Lessons from the Indian Sundarban,” One Earth, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 190-194, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[88] Nathalie Hilmi et al., “The Pressures and Opportunities for Coral Reef Preservation and Restoration in the Maldives,” Frontiers in Environmental Economics, vol. 2, pp. 1-12, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[89] Paramita Roy et al., “Effects of Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise on Coastal Habitat: Vulnerability Assessment, Adaptation Strategies and Policy Recommendations,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 330, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[90] Tayabur Rashid Chowdhury et al., “Trend Analysis and Simulation of Human Vulnerability Based on Physical Factors of Riverbank Erosion Using RS and GIS,” Earth Systems and Environment, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 709-723, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[91] Kathleen Sullivan Sealey, “Assessing Coastal Vulnerability and Climate Resilience for Caribbean Small Island States Using Ecological Principles,” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 105, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[92] Noorashikin Md Noor, and Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, “Coastal Vulnerability: A Brief Review on Integrated Assessment in Southeast Asia,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1-17, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[93] Yuji Nawa et al., “Geography Network for Sharing Geospatial Information in Disaster Management,” Journal of Disaster Research, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 108-116, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[94] Cláudia Reis et al., “Towards an Integrated Framework for the Risk Assessment of Coastal Structures Exposed to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards,” Resilient Cities and Structures, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 57-75, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[95] Rabia Yahia Meddah et al., “Estimation of the Coastal Vulnerability Index Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making: The Coastal Social-Ecological System of Rachgoun, Western Algeria,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 17, pp. 1-28, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[96] Ahad HasanTanim, ErfanGoharian, and Hamid Moradkhani, “Integrated Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Hazards using Data-Driven and Multi-Criteria Analysis Approaches,” Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-28, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[97] Ismallianto Isia et al., “Assessing Social Vulnerability to Flood Hazards: A Case Study of Sarawak’s Divisions,” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 97, pp. 1-16, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[98] Heejun Chang et al., “Assessment of Urban Flood Vulnerability Using the Social-Ecological-Technological Systems Framework in Six US Cities,” Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 68, pp. 1-15, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[99] Juita-Elena Yusuf et al., “Participatory GIS as a Tool for Stakeholder Engagement in Building Resilience to Sea Level Rise: A Demonstration Project,” Marine Technology Society Journal, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 45-55, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[100] Nur Atirah Muhadi et al., “The Use of LiDAR-Derived DEM in Flood Applications: A Review,” Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no. 14, pp. 1-20, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[101] Keighobad Jafarzadegan et al., “Recent Advances and New Frontiers in Riverine and Coastal Flood Modeling,” Reviews of Geophysics, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 1-52, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[102] Lauric Thiault et al., “Harnessing the Potential of Vulnerability Assessments for Managing Social-Ecological Systems,” Ecology and Society, vol. 26, no. 2, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[103] Tanja Wolf, Wen-Ching Chuang, and Glenn McGregor, “On the Science-Policy Bridge: Do Spatial Heat Vulnerability Assessment Studies Influence Policy?,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 13321-13349, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[104] Alexander Cedergren et al., “Understanding Practical Challenges to Risk and Vulnerability Assessments: The Case of Swedish Municipalities,” Journal of Risk Research, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 782-795, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[105] Mikio Ishiwatari, Kenichi Tsukahara, and Kuniyoshi Takeuchi, “Special Issue on Trans-Disciplinary Approach (TDA) and Decision Making on Building Disaster Resilience,” Journal of Disaster Research, vol. 18, no. 5, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[106] América Bendito, and Edmundo Barrios, “Convergent Agency: Encouraging Transdisciplinary Approaches for Effective Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction,” International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 430-435, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[107] G. Mathias Kondolf, and Pedro J. Pinto, “The Social Connectivity of Urban Rivers,” Geomorphology, vol. 277, pp. 182-196, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[108] Ram Ranjan, “Optimal Mangrove Restoration through Community Engagement on Coastal Lands Facing Climatic Risks: The Case of Sundarbans Region in India,” Land Use Policy, vol. 81, pp. 736-749, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]