Advanced and Prospects in Toluene Removals
Advanced and Prospects in Toluene Removals |
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| © 2025 by IJETT Journal | ||
| Volume-73 Issue-3 |
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| Year of Publication : 2025 | ||
| Author : Ho Soonmin, Md Shahinoor Islam, Hridoy Roy |
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| DOI : 10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V73I3P129 | ||
How to Cite?
Ho Soonmin, Md Shahinoor Islam, Hridoy Roy, "Advanced and Prospects in Toluene Removals," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 423-435, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V73I3P129
Abstract
Formulated as C₆H₅CH₃, toluene is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon. It is a colorless liquid insoluble in water and smells like paint thinner. Toluene exposure can lead to irritation of the nose and eyes, fatigue, nerve damage, skin inflammation, and damage to the liver and kidneys. The adsorption process has many benefits, including the ability to be reused, in addition to its ability to efficiently and economically remove harmful materials from wastewater. In addition, it is more environmentally friendly if compared to conventional methods. A cheap material with unique qualities like high porosity, high specific surface area, and desired surface functionalization is activated carbon. As a result, activated carbon finds many useful uses in water treatment, pollutant removal, and adsorption. Any member of the class of hydrated minerals that include silicon, aluminum, and alkali and alkaline-earth metals is referred to as a "zeolite". Zeolite is a family of microporous, crystalline aluminosilicate materials frequently employed in industry as catalysts and adsorbents. This review report reports on the use of zeolite, fly ash, and activated carbon in the removal of toluene. Freundlich or Langmuir isotherms provided the best fit for the adsorption data. The value of the thermodynamic parameters indicates whether the adsorption process is exothermic or endothermic, spontaneous, and random. The Freundlich model indicates the extent to which a substance will be adsorbed on a solid surface at a specific concentration, grounded in the concept that the adsorption sites on the surface lack uniformity and possess different adsorption energies. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model indicates that the adsorption rate is affected by the interaction among adsorption sites on the surface. In many cases, activated carbon is seen as a superior adsorbent compared to zeolite, especially for eliminating a broader array of organic contaminants and chemicals because of its greater surface area and more adaptable pore configuration. Fly ash is much less expensive than activated carbon, making it a more economical choice as an adsorbent in different applications because of its abundant availability and status as a waste product.
Keywords
Pollution, Wastewater treatment, Activated carbon, Zeolite, Ash, Adsorption, Water purification.
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