Citation :

Shibron Arby Azizy, Aditya Kurniawan, "BLOCKVAL: A Hybrid Consensus Algorithm for Document Validation in Private Blockchain Networks," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 104-119, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V74I6P107

Abstract

The process of document validation is important in government agencies to support integrity and ensure the reliability of administrative and legal documents. However, classical validation systems that rely on centralized databases and manual auditing tend to be inefficient, insecure, and subject to tampering. Based on the literature, this article proposes BLOCKVAL, a multi-disciplinary, government-specific hybrid blockchain-based validation system. BLOCKVAL has a two-layer consensus structure with Proof of Authority (PoA) at the second layer for quick and efficient document review, and Proof of Work (PoW) at the first layer for immutable data and improved security. The hybrid structure increases integrity, transparency, and tamper resistance of the data while preserving the power of PoA consensus. The system framework features hierarchical role-based DApps, digital signatures with CAs, and a dual-ledger integrated with the system that facilitates concurrent validation and mining. BLOCKVAL also provides an automated means of scanning for tampered or inconsistent ledgers and restoring them; it allows selective repair or complete replacement of ledgers depending on how severe the harm is. Experimental results indicate that the average transaction time of the hybrid model is constant, 4.31 seconds, similar to the PoA-only model. The average PoA block creation time for the hybrid model is 0.371 seconds, and it is 0.677 seconds for PoW on average over 4 slave nodes. For 200 instances of simulated tampering, the system achieved 100% successful recovery, with an average repair time by the system of 1.50 seconds. These results show that BLOCKVAL can achieve an optimal trade-off between efficiency and security. The suggested model could be employed to securely verify documents in a regulated environment, such as in the Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia.

Keywords

Private Blockchain, Document Validation, Proof of Authority, Proof of Work, Government Systems.

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