Optimal Air Pollution Control Strategy Based on Particle Size Distribution

  IJETT-book-cover  International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)          
  
© 2015 by IJETT Journal
Volume-20 Number-2
Year of Publication : 2015
Authors : Avinash P. Deshmukh , M. Srinivasarao
DOI :  10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V20P216

Citation 

Avinash P. Deshmukh , M. Srinivasarao "Optimal Air Pollution Control Strategy Based on Particle Size Distribution", International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), V20(2),83-94 Feb 2015. ISSN:2231-5381. www.ijettjournal.org. published by seventh sense research group

Abstract

Air pollution prevention and control is one of the key factors for sustainable Environmental Management System. Among all air pollutants, particulate matter attracted considerable attention of researchers. Particles smaller than 10 ?m (PM10) & 2.5 ?m (PM2.5) are associated with a range of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Overall collection efficiency of each one of the air pollution control devices depends on particle size distribution (PSD) of inlet stream. Existing air pollution control strategies does not consider PSD of particulate matter emitted into atmosphere and its impact on the environment. In the present work a Mixed Integer Non Linear model has been presented for selection of optimal air pollution control strategy. Collection efficiency of control equipments based on PSD has been considered. The Optimization model presented minimizes total cost of air pollution control strategy including economical and environmental cost meeting prescribed emission norms. The efficacy of the model has been successfully evaluated using a case study of typical process plant. The model presented can be used for selection of optimal emission norms with minimum social cost

References

1. Akbar S, Kojima M, Pandey KD (2003). World Health Organization briefing note as part of the South Asia program on urban air quality management. UNDP/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP).
2. Azapagic A, Clift R (1995). Life Cycle Assessment and Linear Programming Environmental Optimization of Product System. Computers and Chemical Engineering. 19, 229-234.
3. Azapagic A, Clift R (1999). The application of life cycle assessment to process optimization. Computers and Chemical Engineering. 23: 1509–1526.
4. Brown DM, Wilson MR., MacNee W, Stone V, Donaldson K (2001). Size-Dependent Pro inflammatory Effects of Ultrafine Polystyrene Particles: A Role for Surface Area and Oxidative Stress in the Enhanced Activity of Ultrafines. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 175: 191–199.
5. Biegler LT, Grossmann IE (2004). Retrospective on optimization. Computers and Chemical Engineering. 28: 1169–1192.
6. Bozorgi Y, Keshavarz P, Taheri M, Fathikaljahi J.(2006). Simulation of a spray scrubber performance with Eulerian/Lagrangian approach in the aerosol removing process. Journal of Hazardous Materials B137: 509–517
1. Chandra H, Kaushik SC, Chandra A (2009). Impact of Environmental cost on Economics of Thermal power plant. IE (I) journal –EN. 89: 14-19.
2. Cheng TJ, Hwang JS, Wang, PY, Tsai CF, Chen CY, Lin SH, and Chan CC (2003). Effects of Concentrated Ambient Particles on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Pulmonary Hypertensive Rats. Environmental health perspective. 111(2)
3. Choi BS, Fletcher CAJ (1997) Turbulant particle dispersion in Electrostatic Precipitators. Inter. Conf. On CFD in mineral and metal processing and power generation, CSIRO.
4. Cora MG, Hung YT (2002). Controlling industrial particulate emissions: a practical overview of bag house technology. Environment Quality Manager.11: 53-64.
5. Derksen JJ, Sundaresan S, van den Akker HEA (2006). Simulation of mass-loading effects in gas–solid cyclone separators. Powder Technology 163:59–68.
6. Donaldson K, Li XY and MacNee W (1998) “Ultrafine (Nanometer) Particle Mediated Lung Injury,” Journal Aerosol Science. 29: 553-560.
7. Falaguasta MCR, Steffens JE, Valdes and Coury JR (2008). Overall collection efficiency of a plate-wire electrostatic precipitator operating on the removal of PM2.5. Latin American Applied Research 38:179-186.
8. Filliger P, Texier VP, Schneider J (1999). Health Costs due to Road Traffic-related: Air Pollution An impact assessment project of Austria, France and Switzerland. WHO Ministerial Conference for Environment and Health, London.
9. Friedrich R, Rabl A, Spadaro JV (2001). Quantifying the Costs of Air Pollution: the ExternE Project of the EC. Pollution Atmospherique. 77-104.
10. The Gazette of India Extraordinary, Part-II, Section 3, sub section (i), published by Authority, New Delhi, Monday, November 16, 2009.
11. General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS), G070928:1209AP-WIN, Dharmsinh Desai University, Chemical Engineering Department DC6656 License for teaching and research.
12. Jedrusik M., Swierczok A, Pajak J (2006) Experimental and calculated values of migration velocity as a parameter of precipitation process in electrostatic precipitators. ICESP X – Australia Paper 8B2
13. Jiao J, Zheng Y (2007). A multi-region model for determining the cyclone efficiency. Separation Technology. 53: 266–73.
14. Ji Z, Xiong Z, Wu X, Chen H, Wu H (2009). Experimental investigations on a cyclone separator performance at an extremely low particle concentration. Powder Technology 191: 254–259.
15. Keshavarz P, Bozorgi Y, Fathikalajahi J, Taheri M (2008). Prediction of the spray scrubbers’ performance in the gaseous and particulate scrubbing processes Chemical Engineering Journal 140 ; 22–31
16. Kohn RE, (1969). A Mathematical Programming Model for Air Pollution Control. Sch. Sci. Math. 487-494.
17. Lekkas TD, Pilinis C, Politis M (2008). Ultrafine particles (UFP) and health effects. Dangerous. like no other PM review and analysis. Global NEST Journal, Vol 10: No 3:439-452.
18. Li S, Li C, Zeng G, Li S, Wang F, Wang D, Lu P. (2008). Simulation and experimental validation studies on a new type umbrella plate scrubber. Separation and Purification Technology 62 : 323–329
19. Lvovsky K, Maddison D, Ostro B, Hughes G, Pearce D (1998). Economic Costs of Air Pollution with Special Reference to India. National Conference on Health and Environment- World Bank study, Delhi, India. 7-9.
20. Oberdorster G (2001). Pulmonary effects of inhaled ultrafine particles. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 74:1–8
21. Ortiz FJG, Navarrete B, Canadas L, Salvador L (2007). A technical assessment of a particle hybrid collector in a pilot plan. Chem Eng J. 127: 131-142.
22. Papandreou V, Shang Z (2008). A multi-criteria optimization approach for the design of sustainable utility systems. Computers and Chemical Engineering.32: 1589–1602.
23. Qian F, Huang Z, Chen G, Zhang M (2007). Numerical study of the separation characteristics in a cyclone of different inlet particle concentrations. Computers and Chemical Engineering 31: 1111–1122
24. Rao CS (1994).Environmental pollution control Engineering. Wiley Estern Limited New age International Limited. ISBN 81-224-0301-8.
25. Raoufi A, Shams M, Kanani H (2009) CFD analysis of flow field in square cyclones. Powder Technology 191:349–357.
26. Renwick LC, Donaldson K, Clouter A (2001). Impairment of Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytosis by Ultrafine Particles. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 172: 119–127
27. Shaban HI, Klkamel A, Gharbi R (1997). An optimization model for air pollution control decision making. Environ modell softw.12: 51-58.
28. Shanthakumar S, Singh DN, Phadke RC (2008). Flue gas conditioning for reducing suspended particulate matter from thermal power stations. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 34: 685– 695.
29. Wan G, Sun G, Xue X, Shi M (2008) Solids concentration simulation of different size particles in a cyclone separator. Powder Technology 183: 94–104.
30. Wang B, Xu DL, Xiao GX, Chu KW, Yu AB (2003) Numerical study of gas solid flow in a cyclone separtor. Third international conference on CFD in minerals and process industries CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, 10-12.
31. White HJ (1963) Industrial Electrostatic Precipitation, Addison-Wesley, MA.
32. Xia L, Gao Y (2011). Characterization of trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in the vicinity of highways in northeast New Jersey in the U.S. east coast. Atmospheric pollution research. doi: 10.5094/APR.2011.005
33. Zhang Q, Kusaka Y, Zhu X, Sato K, Mo Y, Kluz T, Donaldson K (2003). Comparitive toxicity of standarad nickel and ultrafine nickel in lung after intratracheal instillation. Journal of occupational health. 45: 23-30.
34. Zhang R, Basu P (2004) A simple model for prediction of solid collection efficiency of a gas–solid separator. Powder technology. 147: 86-93
35. Zhao B (2005) Development of a new method for evaluating cyclone efficiency. Chemical Engineering and Processing 44: 447–451.

Keywords
economic cost, environmental cost, particulate matter, optimization, mixed integer Non linear programming.