Experimental Investigation of Evaporative Air Cooling Potential For Passenger Mobiles

Experimental Investigation of Evaporative Air Cooling Potential For Passenger Mobiles

  IJETT-book-cover           
  
© 2021 by IJETT Journal
Volume-69 Issue-8
Year of Publication : 2021
Authors : Sandeep Shalgar, Rupa Bindu
DOI :  10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V69I8P208

How to Cite?

Sandeep Shalgar, Rupa Bindu, "Experimental Investigation of Evaporative Air Cooling Potential For Passenger Mobiles," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 62-70, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V69I8P208

Abstract
In automobiles, even recent advances in vapor compression refrigeration using R134a refrigerant have still caused global warming potential, and environmentfriendly ozone depletion is now no more hidden fact. In this paper, an innovative direct evaporative system is mathematical modeled, designed for 1kW, and developed for the passenger mobiles application of 2.8m3 cabin volume. Cellulose pad indirect evaporative cooling is used, and the system is installed in the vehicle for its performance evaluation. The research reveals the lower power consumption of blower motor by 8% if pad is just wetted by water spraying for 60seconds duration than keeping pump continues on condition. Model vehicle cabin air temperature and relative humidity are mapped for ambient air conditions of 39.6°C and 59.6% RH at 14 pm parked on sunny days. The cabin air temperature increases with ambient soaking, and after 38th min from the start of the test is found the stable meeting to 60°C and 54.1°C in front and rear of the cabin. This gives maximum rise of cabin air temperature by 19.2°C and 13.3°C at cabin front and rear. The cabin air humidity is dropped to 32.5% at the 40th minute of the test when ambient relative humidity was 38.7%. The average air grill temperature, cabin front, and rear air temperatures are mapped with the time duration of 10minutes in each of three blower speeds. After 10 minutes, the DEC is switched ON with fan speed 1, the cabin front and rear temperature dropped from 41.1 ?C to 35.8 ?C and 36.4 ?C, respectively. The average drop at 1st speed was 36.1 ?C. Subsequent to this at speeds 2 and 3 at the 30th and 40th minutes of the test cycle, cabin air temperature is dropped to 6.2 ?C and 9.6 ?C. As the speed of the DEC system increases, the cooling capacity also increases. The maximum cooling effect at speed 3 of the blower motor is 1042Watts with ambient air temperature drop from 41.9 ?C to 32.4 ?C. The developed cellulose direct evaporative system was found effective by reducing air temperature by 9.5 ?C, giving better comfort to users. The COP of the system is achieved to 4.38 at maximum fan speed. The developed model is scalable as per the availability of space inside vehicle compartments.

Keywords
Alternative cooling technologies, Evaporative cooling system, Direct evaporative cooling, Cellulose pad, automobile cabin air cooling.

Reference
[1] J. R. Camargo, C. D. Ebinuma, S. Vehicledoso, A Mathematical model for direct evaporative cooling air conditioning system, Engenharia Térmica, (2003) 30-34. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v2i2.3473.
[2] Atan R., Heat recovery equipment (generator) in an automobile for an air-conditioning absorption system, SAE Technical Paper, 980062 (2003). https://doi.org/10.4271/980062.
[3] Johnson V., Heat generated cooling opportunities in vehicles, SAE Technical Paper, No. 2002-01-1969, 2002. DOI:10.4271/2002-01- 1969
[4] Kovacevic I., Sourbron, M., The numerical model for direct evaporative cooler, Applied Thermal Engineering, 113 (2017) 8- 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.025.
[5] Chengqin Ren, Hongxing Yang, An analytical model for the heat and mass transfer processes in indirect evaporative cooling with parallel/counter flow configurations, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 49 (2006) 617–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.08.019.
[6] Wu. J. M., Huang, X., Zhang, H., Theoretical analysis on heat and mass transfer in a direct evaporative cooler, Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009 29(5-6) 980-984. DOI:10.1016/J.APPLTHERMALENG.2008.05.016.
[7] Shahram Delfani, Jafar Esmaeelian, Hadi Pasdarshahri, Maryam Karami, Energy saving potential of an indirect evaporative cooler as a pre-cooling unit for mechanical cooling systems in Iran, Energy and Buildings, 42 (2010) 2169-2176.
[8] V.C Mei, Analysis of Non-CFC automotive air conditioning, NCTT09 (2009)151-154.
[9] Shashank Shekhar, Santosh Suman, H.S. Moharana, Performance of Different Pad Materials in Advanced Desert Coolers - A Comparative Study, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, (2016) 4368-4371R.
[10] Best, W. Rivera, A review of a thermal cooling system, Applied thermal engineering 75 (2015) 1162-1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.08.018.
[11] Avinash M Deshmukh, Shivalingappa N Sapali, Design development and fabrication of mist spray direct evaporative cooling system and its performance evaluation, Journal of Thermal Engineering, 5(1) (2019) 42-50. DOI:10.18186/thermal.513053.
[12] Ghassem Heidarinejad, Mojtaba Bozorgmehr, Shahram Delfani, Jafar Esmaeelian, Experimental investigation of two-stage indirect/direct evaporative cooling system in various climatic conditions, Building and Environment, 44 (2009) 2073-2079.
[13] O.Amer, H. G. Ibrahim, A review of evaporative cooling technologies, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 6(2) (2015) 111-116. DOI: 10.7763/IJESD.2015.V6.571.
[14] Kulkarni. R.K and Rajput S.P.S, Performance evaluation of twostage indirect/direct evaporative cooler with alternative shapes and cooling media in direct stage, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 3(2) (2011) 1239-1251.
[15] R.K.Kulkarni and S.P.S.Rajput, Comparative Performance Analysis of Evaporative Cooling Pads of Alternative Configurations and Materials, International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 6(4) (2013)1524-1534.
[16] Richard C. Bourne, Development of an improved two-stage evaporative cooling system, Building and Environment, (2007) 2549- 2554. DOI:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.07.034.
[17] M. Bentrcia, M. Alshatewi, and H. Omar., Developments of vaporcompression systems for vehicle air-conditioning: A review, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 9(8) (2017) 1–15.
[18] Sandeep Shalgar, Rupa Bindu, A Panoramic Potential Applications of an Alternative Cooling Opportunities for Automobiles, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 29(7) (2020) 2802-2816.
[19] M. Shariaty-Nassar, An Investigation of Indirect Evaporative Coolers, IEC With Respect to Thermal Comfort Criteria, Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering 6(2) (2009). I ache for IEC.
[20] S.S Kachhwaha and Suhas Prabhakar, Heat and mass transfer study in a direct evaporative cooler, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research,69 (2010) 705-710.
[21] Lateef L.Akintunji, Ibrahim U Haruna and Bello S Mumah, Theoretical Performance Analysis of Coconut Coir as Media in Evaporative Coolers, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 3(3) (2014).
[22] E. Velasco Gómez, F.C. Rey Martínez, A. Tejero González ,The phenomenon of evaporative cooling from a humid surface as an alternative method for air-conditioning, International Journal of Energy and Environment, 1(1) (2010) 69-96.
[23] O.Amer, H. G. Ibrahim, A review of evaporative cooling technologies, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 6(2) (2015)111-116.
[24] R. K. Waghchore, M. R. Jumde, A. H. Somwanshi, Advance cooling and heating system for cabinet, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology,4(4) (2013).
[25] Eloy Velasco Gómez, Ana Tejero González, Francisco Javier Rey Martínez, Experimental characterisation of an indirect evaporative cooling prototype in two operating modes, Applied Energy,97 (2012) 340-346.
[26] J.K.Jain and D.A.Hindoliya, Development and Testing of Regenerative Evaporative Cooler, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 3(6) (2012) 694-697.
[27] R.Boukhanouf, H.G.Ibrahim, A.Alharbi, and M.Kanzari, Investigation of an Evaporative Cooler for Buildings in Hot and Dry Climates, Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, (2014), DOI:10.7763/JOCET.2014.V2.127.
[28] Rajesh Maurya, Dr.Nitin Shrivastava, and Vipin Shrivastava, Performance Evaluation of Alternative Evaporative Cooling Media, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 5(10) (2014) 676-684.
[29] Ala Hasan, Indirect evaporative cooling of air to a sub-wet bulb temperature, Applied Thermal Engineering, 30 (2010) 2460-2468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.06.017.
[30] Abdulrahman Mohammad, Sohif Bin Mat, M.Y.Sulaiman, K.Sopian, and Abduljalil A.Al-Abidi, Experimental Performance of a Direct Evaporative Cooler Operating in Kuala Lumpur, International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering, 6(1) (2013) 15-20.
[31] Tianwei Wang and Chenguang Sheng, Experimental investigation of air conditioning system using evaporative cooling condenser, Purdue University Calumet, USA,(2014) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.950.
[32] Jose Rui Camargo, Carlos Daniel Ebinuma and Jose Luz Silveira, Experimental performance of a direct evaporative cooler operating during summer in a Brazilian city, International Journal of Refrigeration, 28 (2005)1124-1132.
[33] Xiang Huang, XinLi, Xiaowen Sheng, Xiaoqing Su, The Research of the Key Problem of Evaporative Cooling System in Dry Areas Subway. Energy Procedia, 61 (2014) 1965-1968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.053.
[34] Aftab Ahmad, Shafiqur Rehman, Luai M. Al-Hadhrami, Performance evaluation of an indirect evaporative cooler under controlled environmental conditions, Energy and Buildings, 62 (2013) 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.03.013.
[35] X. Zhao, Shuli Liu, S.B. Riffat, Comparative study of heat and mass exchanging materials for indirect evaporative cooling systems, Building and Environment, 43(2008)1902-1911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.11.009
[36] Ana Tejero-González, Manuel Andrés-Chicote, Eloy Velasco- Gómez, Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez, Influence of constructive parameters on the performance of two indirect evaporative cooler prototype, Applied Thermal Engineering, 51 (2013) 1017-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng. 2012.10.054
[37] Ghassem Heidarinejad and Moien Farmahini Farahani, Investigation of a hybrid system of nocturnal radiative cooling and direct evaporative cooling, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.01.003.
[38] Muthuraman S, Sivaraj M, Analysis of Vapour Compression Refrigeration (VCR) based air conditioning (AC) system for the hot and dry climatic condition in Oman, Journal of Thermal Engineering, 4(3) (2018) 1926-1938.
[39] Rakesh Roshan1, Upendra Parashar, Comparative Analysis of Efficiency of Evaporative Air Cooler with Two Different Cooling Pad Material, IJETT International Journal of Thermal Engineering, 1(3) (2015)18-21.
[40] Kamlesh Kumar Sharma1, R.L. Gupta2, Sanjay katarey Performance Improvement of Air Conditioning System using Applications of Evaporative Cooling: A Review Paper, IJETT International Journal of Thermal Engineering,2(2) (2016) 1-5.
[41] M. Mosa, A. Saleh, Variations of Air and Water Temperatures across and Along with the Pads of Direct Evaporative Coolers and Their Effect on the Performance, IJETT International Journal of Thermal Engineering, 2(3) (2016) 1-8.
[42] http://www.weatheronline.in/weather/maps/city