Development of Rainfall Design Storm Hyetographs for Al-Quassim Region – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
How to Cite?
Ahmed H. Soliman, "Development of Rainfall Design Storm Hyetographs for Al-Quassim Region – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 334-341, 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V70I1P240
Abstract
The design storm hyetograph is a very important input to the hydrologic modelling either for flood hazards assessment purposes or urban stormwater drainage studies as it has a significant effect on the judgment concluded from the hydrological study results. So, it is very crucial to well identify the design of storm hyetograph before all hydrological and hydraulic modelling studies. Several pieces of research and studies were conducted in the literature regarding the development of the design of storm photographs for several countries all over the world. Unfortunately, very limited studies are focusing on the Arabian regions. Al-Quassim region – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been suffering from flood hazards during the last decades. So, it is in dire need of accurate design storm hyetographs. 557 storms are collected from eight rainfall gauges distributed over the Al-Quassim region area. Six approaches are used to develop the design of storm hyetographs. The developed hyetographs are compared together in addition to the currently available hyetograph for the Al-Quassim region to exclude low-performance hyetographs. Additionally, hydrological modelling is used to compare the screened developed hyetographs together. The study reveals that the design storm hyetographs developed using the alternating block method is the best hyetographs among the developed and currently existing hyetographs.
Keywords
Alternating Block, Design Storm, Euler II, Huff, Rainfall Hyetograph.
Reference
[1] N. Krvavica, and J. Rubinic, Evaluation of Design Storms and Critical Rainfall Durations for Flood Prediction in PartiallyUrbanized Catchments, Water, 12 (7) (2020) 2044.
[2] D. Veneziano, and P. Villani, Best linear unbiased design hyetograph, WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 35 (9) (1999) 2725-2738.
[3] D. H. Pilgrim, and I. Cordery, Flood Runoff, in Handbook of Hydrology, edited by D. R. Maidment, McGraw-Hill, New York. (1993) 9(42) 1-9.
[4] F. Rossi, and P. Villani, Regional Flood Estimation Methods, in Coping with Flood, edited by G. Rossi, N. Harmancioglu, and V. Yevjevich, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., (1994) 135-170.
[5] V. Arnel, Rainfall Data for the Design of Sewer Pipe System, Tech. Rep. A8, Department of Hydraulics, Chalmers University, Goteborg, Sweden, (1982).
[6] M. Desbordes, Urban Runoff and Design Storm Modeling, in proceeding of the International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, Int. Assoc. for Hydraulic Research, Southampton, England (1978).
[7] B. C.Yen, and V. T. Chow, Design Hyetographs for Small Drainage Structures, Journal of Hydraulic Div. American Society of Civil Eng., 106 (HY6) (1980) 1055-1076.
[8] C. J.Keifer, and H. H. Chu, Synthetic Storm Pattern for Drainage Design, Journal of Hydraulic Eng., 83 (HY4) (1957) 1-25.
[9] N. T.Kottegoda, and A. H. M. Kassim, Classification of Storm Profiles Using Crossing Properties, Journal of Hydrology, 127 (1991) 37-53.
[10] F. A.Huff, Time Distribution of Rainfall in Heavy Storm, Water Resources Res., 3 (4) (1967) 1007-1019.
[11] National Environmental Research Council, Flood Studies Report, Tech. The report, London, (1975).
[12] Department of Environment, Design and Analysis of Urban Storm Drainage, 1, Principles, Methods and Practs, Standing Tech. Comm. Report 28, National Water Council, London, (1983).
[13] A.Garcia-Uzman, and E. Aranda-Oliver, A Stochastic Model of Dimensionless Hyetograph, Water Resources Res., 29 (7) (1993) 2363-2370.
[14] R. L.Bras, and I. Rodriguez-Iturbe, Rainfall Generation: A Nonstationary, Time-Varying Multidimensional Model, Water Resources Res., 12 (3) (1976) 450-456.
[15] R. A. Grace, and P. S. Eagleson, The Synthesis of Short-Time-Increment Rainfall Sequences, Report 91, Hydrodynamic Lab., Mass. Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, (1966).
[16] D.Koutsoyannis, and E. Foufoula-Georgiou, A Scaling Model of A Storm Hyetograph, Water Resources Res., 29 (7) (1993) 2345-2361.
[17] V. T. V.Nguyen, and J. Rousselle, A Stochastic Model for the Time Distribution of Hourly Rainfall Depth, Water Resources Res., 17 (2) (1981) 399-409.
[18] D. A.Woolhiser, and H. B. Osborne, A Stochastic Model dimensionless Thunderstorm Rainfall, Water Resources Res., 21 (4) (1985) 511-522.
[19] J. L.Marien, and G. L. Vandewiele, A Point Rainfall Generator with Internal Storm Structure, Water Resources Res., 22 (4) (1986) 475-482.
[20] R.Garcia-Bartual, and J. Marco, A Stochastic Model of the Internal Structure of Convective Precipitation in Time at a Raingauge Site, Journal of Hydrology, 118 (1990) 129-142.
[21] B. Siragelo, Intensity-Duration-Frequency-Curves from Rainfall Stochastic Models with Beta Shaped Pulses, in proceeding of the 6th International Symposium on Stochastic Hydraulics, Int. Assoc. for Hydraulic Research, Taipei, Taiwan (1992).
[22] M.Hashino, T. Okada, Y. Kanemitsu, Y. Nishida, and M. Nishioka, Determination of Design Storm Pattern by a Probability Model with Multi-Local Peaks, in Extreme Hydrological Events: Precipitation, Floods and Droughts, IAHS Publ., 213 (1993) 315-323.
[23] Hydraulic Design Manual, Manual Notice 2016 – 1, Technical Report, Design Division, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, Tx, USA: Design Division, Texas Department of Transportation, (2016).
[24] D. A.Chin, A. Mazumdar, and P. K. Roy, Water – Resources Engineering, Volume 12, 3rd Edition Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, Upper Saddle River, (2013).
[25] R. H.McCuen, Hydrologic Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, (2005).
[26] R. A.Wurbs, and W. P. James, Water Resources Engineering, Prentice-Hall, USA, (2002).
[27] A. D.Feldman, Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS: Technical Reference Manual, US Army Corps of Engineering, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Washington DC, (2000).
[28] V. T.Chow, R. R. Maidment, and L. W. Mays, Applied Hydrology, McGraw-Hill, New York, (1988).
[29] K. M.Kent, A Method for Estimating Volume and Rate of Runoff in Small Watersheds, US Soil Conservation Service, US Government Printing Office, Washington D, (1973).
[30] R. H.Frederick, V. A. Myers, and E. P. Auciello, Five- to 60-Minutes Precipitation Frequency for the Eastern and Central United States, NOAA Technical Memo NWS HYDRO-35, Silver Spring, Maryland: National Weather Service, (1977).
[31] K. Wartalska, B. Ka?mierczak, M. Nowakowska, and A. Kotowski, Verification of Euler Type II Reference Hyetograph for modelling the Sewage Systems in Wroclaw (Poland), International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 11 (5) (2020) 237-243.
[32] K. Wartalska, B. Ka?mierczak, M. Nowakowska, and A. Kotowski, Analysis of Hyetographs for DrainageSystem Modeling, Water, 12 (1) (2020) 149.
[33] DWA-A. 118/2006: Hydraulic Dimensioning and Verification Od Drain and Sewer Systems. In German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste, Hennef, DWA: Chatsworth, CA, USA, (2006).
[34] A. O. Ogunlela, P. O. Adewale, and J. F. Adamowski, Developing Design Storm Hydrographs for Small Tropical Catchments with Limited Data, Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 5 (2012) 356-365.
[35] J. A. Reilly, and T. C. Piechota, Actual Storm Events Outperform Synthetic Design Storm: A Review of SCS Curve Number Applicability, in proceeding of ASCE Conference of World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, May 15-19: Impacts of Global Climat Change, Anchorage, Alaska (2005) 1-13.
[36] W. H. Asquith, Modeling of Runoff-Producing Rainfall Hyetographs in Texas Using L-Moment Statistics, PhD Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, (2003).
[37] R. Al-Saadi, Hyetograph Estimation for the State of Texas, MSc Thesis, University of Texas Austin, Austin, Texas, (2002).
[38] D. B. Thompson, T. G. Cleveland, and X. Fang, Regional Characteristics of Storm Hyetographs Literature Review, Technical Report, Technical Texas Department of Transportation, Texas Tech University TechMRT., Austin, Texas: Bridge Division, (2002)
[39] S. M. Elsherif, A. El-Zawahry, and A. H. Soliman, Spatio-Temporal Rainfall Variability Analysis, Case Study: KSA, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 69 (12) (2020) 136-143.
[40] A. G. Awadallah, A. Y. El-Sayed, and A. M. Abdelbaky, Development of Design Storm Hyetographs in Hyper-Arid and Arid Regions: Case Study of Sultanate of Oman, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10 (20) (2017) 456.
[41] A. G. Awadallah, and N. S. Younan, Conservative design rainfall distribution for application in arid regions with sparse data, Journal of Arid Environments, 79 (2012) 66-75.
[42] A. M. Elfeki, H. A. Ewea, and N. S. Al-Amri, Development of Storm Hyetographs for Flood Forecasting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 7 (10) (2014) 4387-4398.
[43] Engineering Guidelines for Flood Protection Works, Technical Report, Riyadh Municipality, Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, (2017).
[44] Egyptian Code of Practice for Flood Protection, Technical Report, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo, Egypt, (2011).