Fire Safety Preparedness in Building Construction Sites in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania

  IJETT-book-cover  International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)          
  
© 2018 by IJETT Journal
Volume-66 Number-3
Year of Publication : 2018
Authors : Jaffari S. Jongo, Dennis N.G.A.K. Tesha, Valentine G.M. Luvara, Justine J. Teyanga, Evelyine T. Makule
DOI :  10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V66P224

Citation 

MLA Style: Jaffari S. Jongo, Dennis N.G.A.K. Tesha, Valentine G.M. Luvara, Justine J. Teyanga, Evelyine T. Makule "Fire Safety Preparedness in Building Construction Sites in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania" International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 66.3 (2018): 154-169.

APA Style:Jaffari S. Jongo, Dennis N.G.A.K. Tesha, Valentine G.M. Luvara, Justine J. Teyanga, Evelyine T. Makule (2018). Fire Safety Preparedness in Building Construction Sites in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 66(3), 154-169.

Abstract
Fire, apart from being very useful, and an essential good for human being; it can be very dangerous, when it occurs where it is not needed, and unprepared. The study main objective was to assess fire safety preparedness in building construction sites in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania; specifically looking into assessing awareness on fire safety preparedness among building construction site workers, examining the existing situation of the building construction sites on the provision of fire safety preparedness gears, and at the end recommending on the possible measures to improve fire safety preparedness in building construction sites.The research design adopted in this study was descriptive survey research. Questionnaire, focus group discussion and observation were used to collect data in which 48 questionnaires were distributed, and 42 of thequestionnaires returned,alongside with the focus group discussions containing 40 respondents from different construction sites. Simple, randomly and purposively sampling methods were used in selection of the study sample. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS, and Microsoft excel, presented in charts, plates, frequency table and percentage form for easy interpretations.The study findings revealed that; fire safety preparedness awareness was low among majority of site laborers in the selected construction sites, due to inadequacy of trainings to site laborers, and unawareness on the uses of firefighting gears. Moreover, the study revealed that; most of site staff are aware on the fire safety measures due to their participation in different trainings. Likewise, the provision of firefighting equipment in construction site, is still low in most of building construction sites. The study also found that; fire and safety drills were not regularly conducted, and there was lack of an assembly point in construction sites. The study recommends on; the conduction of fire safety trainings, campaigning through different media in order to raise awareness on fire safety preparedness, compliance with different statutory requirements such as Fire Rescue Acts, OSHA, and other regulatory status, so as to ensure maximum state of preparedness in case of fire outbreak in building construction sites.

Reference
[1] Abdullah, J. (2001);Fire in Tall Buildings: Occupants Safety and Owner’s Liability.Kuala Lumpur: International Law Book Services.
[2] Abdusalam, A, Kabir, R. & Arafat, S. (2016);Assessment of Fire Safety Preparedness in Selected Health Institutions in Niger State, In the International Journal of Perception in Public Health, Volume#01, Issue (01), Page 50 to 58.
[3] Afedzie, R&McEntire, D. (2010);Rethinking Disasters by Design. In the International Journal, DisasterPrevention and Management, Volume #19, Issue(01), Page 48 to 58. Published By Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 0965-3562, DOI 10.1108/09653561011022135, (https://www .researchgate.net/publication/249359280_Rethinking_Disasters_by_Design).
[4] Ayabei, J. (2016); Level of Fire Disaster Awareness in Buildings within the Nairobi Central Business District, In the International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 06, Page 188 to 193. ISSN 2250-3153.
[5] Burberry, P. (1998); Environment and Science, Fire Fighting Equipment. 4th Edition, London: Mitchell Publishing Company Limited.
[6] Comolotti, J. (2004);The Importance of School Fire Drills,http://www.fa.com, (Retrieved on 02nd May, 2018).
[7] Driskell, J.E, & Salas, E (1996); Stress and Human Performance, Publishedby Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey, U.S.A, ISBN: 0805811826.
[8] Easterby-Smith, M, Thorpe, R, & Lowe, A, (2004); Management Research: Introduction.02nd Edition, London, United Kingdom (U.K.), Published bySage Publications, ISBN-13: 978-0761972853; ISBN-10: 0761972854.
[9] Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), (2007); National Preparedness Guidelines.Washington, DC: Department of Homeland Security, U.S.A.
[10] Fransisco J, Juan, C &Rubio, G. (2004), Status for the Fire Safety in Hotels, Spain.
[11] Garis, L, Maxim, P & Mark, K. (2015); Construction Site Fire Safety: A Guide forConstruction of Large Buildings, Canada: CWC
[12] Giwa, A. (2012); The National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) Seminar on Fire Prevention and Outbreak.
[13] Gold, D, &Koigi, K. (2009); Fire Protection Checklist. FINNIDA-ILO.
[14] Guyer, P. (2009);An Introduction to Fire Protection Engineering for Buildings, (Live Webinar), (https://pdhonline.com/courses/g258w/g258w-handout.pdf), (Retrieved on 08th May, 2018).
[15] Haddow, G, & Bullock, J. (2006); Introduction to Emergence Management. 2nd Edition, Boston, U.S.A. Published byElsevier LTD.
[16] Hall, F, &Greeno, R. (2007); Building Services Handbook. 1st Edition. Great Britain:Reed Educational and Professional Publishing.
[17] Hall, R. (1997);The Lowdown on High-rise Fires. In the Journal of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Page 84 to 90.
[18] Harris, (2004); Fire Prevention Week Survey, Boston: National Fire Prevention Association.
[19] Health &Safety Executive, (2003); Causal Factors in Construction Accident: Research Report 156. London: Health and Safety Executive.
[20] Health & Safety Executive (2006);Health and Safety in Construction. 3rd Edition., Norwich: The Stationery Office.
[21] Health & Safety Executive, (2010); Fire Safety in Construction, Guidance for Clients, Designers, and those Managing and Carrying Out Construction Work Involving Significant Fire Risks, 2ndEd London: The Stationery Office
[22] Hornby A.S. &Wehmeier, S (2000);Oxford Advanced Learner`s Dictionary: International Student`s Edition. Published By Oxford University Press, 6th Edition, ISBN-13-978-0-19-400116-8.
[23] Hughes, P &Ferrett, E, (2007);Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction, 2ndEdition, Oxford: Published by ElsevierLTD.
[24] Istre, R.I, &Mallonee, S, (2000); Smoke Alarms and Prevention of House-Related Deaths and Injuries. In the Western Journal of Medicine,Volume #173, Issue (02), Page 92 to 93, (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles /PMC1071009/).
[25] Kihila, J.M. (2017); Fire Disaster Preparedness and Situational Analysis in Higher Learning Institutions of Tanzania, In the Journal Disaster Risk Studies,Volume #09, Issue(01), Page 311.
[26] Kitumbo, H. &Kirenga, A.P, (2001); Construction Industry in Tanzania. In the African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Volume #01, Issue(11), Page 08 to 09.
[27] Kombo, D.K, &Trompo, D. (2006); Proposal and Thesis Writing; Introduction.Nairobi-Kenya, Published byPaulines Publication Africa.
[28] Kothari, C. (2004), Research Methodology: Method and Techniques. 2nd Edition, New Delhi: Published by New Age International (P) LTD Publishers.
[29] Krishnaswami, O.P, &Ranganatham, M, (2006);Methodology of Research in Social Sciences. 2nd Edition, Mumbai, India, Himalaya Publishing House.
[30] Kyle, S. (2016); ConstructionSiteFires:ReduceYourRisk. (https://solutions.borderstates.com/construction-site-fires-reduce-your-risk/), Published By Border State, (Retrieved on17th March 2018).
[31] Marczak, M, & Sewell, M. (2017); Using Focus Groups for Evaluation, (http://ag.arizona.edu/fcs/cyfernet/cyfar/focus.htm), (Retrieved on15th April 2018).
[32] Menon, G.B, &Vakil, J.N, (2005); Handbook on Building Fire Codes.Kampur:Bureau of Indian Standards.
[33] Mfinanga, J.A. (2007); “Parking Generation by Facilities in the CBD of Dar-Es-Salaam City”. In the Journal of Building and Land Development, Vol.14(2), 83-89.
[34] Murali, L.G. & Vijayalakshmi, M.M. (2014); Fire Accidents in Building, International. In the Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, Vol.11(4), 178-184.
[35] Oduor, A. &Atsiaya, P. (2004); Two Fire Attacks Fail to Break Schools Spirit,Nairobi: East African Standard.
[36] Orodho, J.A. (2003); Essentials of Education and Social Science Research Methods.Published byMasola, Nairobi, Kenya.
[37] Occupational Safety and Health Act, Legal notice 15 of 2007 of the laws of Kenya.
[38] Phoya, S. (2012); Health and Safety Risk Management in Building Construction Sites in Tanzania; The Practice of Risk Assessment, Communication and Control. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Architecture, Gothenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology.
[39] Prince, M. & Davies, M. (2001); Moderator Teams; An Extension to Focus Group Methodology, In an International Journal of Qualitative Market Research, Volume #04, Issue(04), Page 207 to 216.
[40] Proulx, G.(2001); Occupant Behaviour and Evacuation. Munich, National Research Council Canada.
[41] Proulx, G. (2003), Playing with Fire: Understanding Human Behaviour in Burning Buildings, In the ASHRAE Journal, Volume #45, Issue (07), Page 33 to 35.
[42] Ridley, J. (2008); Health and Safety in Brief. 4thEdition,Published by Elsevier, Great Britain, United Kingdom(U.K.).
[43] Ridley, J.& Channing, J. (1999); Workplace Safety. 1st Edition., Published by Elsevier, Great Britain, United Kingdom(U.K.).
[44] Ronoh, R.K. &Kyalo, W.B. (2009); Safety Awareness and Preparedness in Secondary Schools Kenya; A case of Turkana District,In the Journal of Educational Research and Reviews, Volume #04, Issue (08), Page 379 to 384.
[45] Saini, A.K. & Chaturvedi, S. (2009); National Seminar on Fire Safety in TallBuildings: Development of Fire Safety Infrastructure, Safety Principles and Policies, (https://share.ansi.org/Shared%20Documents/Standards%20Activities/International%20Standardization/Regional/Staff/LMM/SCCP%20Materials/SCCPWorkshop_Saini_20091104.pdf)(Retrieved on 25th March, 2018).
[46] Singh, Y.K, (2006);Fundamental of Research Methodology and Statistics, Published byNew Age International Publishers, New Delhi, India.
[47] Tan, C.W. &Hiew, B.K, (2004);Effective Management of Fire Safety in a High-RiseBuilding, In the Bulletin Ingenieur, Page 12 to 19.
[48] Tharmarajan, P. (2007); The Essential Aspects of Fire Safety Management in High-RiseBuilding, (http://www.efka.utm.my/thesis/IMAGES/2007/2JSBP/prashantma0501 1d07ttt.pdf, (Retrieved on 25th March, 2018).
[49] United Nations (UN), (2008);Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response Guidance and IndicatorPackages for Implementing Priority Five of the Hyogo Framework: United NationsSecretariat: Switzerland.
[50] United Republic of Tanzania, (URT), (2007); National Fire and Rescue Act, Published by Government Printers, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania.
[51] United Republic of Tanzania, (URT), (2015); National Fire and Rescue Force Regulations,Published by Government Printers, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania.
[52] United Republic of Tanzania, (URT), (2003); The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2003 of Tanzania,Published By Government Printers, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzani

Keywords
Fire, Safety, Preparedness, Building, Construction Sites, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania.