Research Article | Open Access | Download PDF
Volume 74 | Issue 1 | Year 2026 | Article Id. IJETT-V74I1P113 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V74I1P113Lung Cancer Classification Using Adaptive Correlation Enhanced Active Contour Model and DenseEnsembleNet
Raghapriya.N, Aswini.N, Savitha.G, Beschi.I.S
| Received | Revised | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| 04 Jul 2025 | 19 Dec 2025 | 26 Dec 2025 | 14 Jan 2026 |
Citation :
Raghapriya.N, Aswini.N, Savitha.G, Beschi.I.S, "Lung Cancer Classification Using Adaptive Correlation Enhanced Active Contour Model and DenseEnsembleNet," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 160-173, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V74I1P113
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to lung cancer classification combining deep learning, feature extraction, and image processing. It enhances lung cancer images using advanced denoising techniques, Non-Local Means (NLM), Wavelet, and augments the dataset with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to improve model generalization. The Region of Interest (ROI) is identified with an Adaptive Correlation-Enhanced Active Contour Model (ACE-ACM), and feature extraction using pre trained CNNs like VGGNet and ResNet. To identify key features of the hybrid optimization algorithm, Sparrow Customized Sea Lion Optimization (SLO) and Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA). The classification utilizes DenseEnsembleNet, a combination of Optimized DenseNet and CNN, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 98.79%. By using a Python-based platform, the framework provides an innovative solution for accurate lung cancer diagnosis and efficient treatment planning. Provides an innovative solution for accurate lung cancer diagnosis and efficient treatment planning.
Keywords
Adaptive Correlation Enhanced Active Contour Model, Lung cancer, DenseEnsembleNet, Denoising techniques, Generative Adversarial Networks, Region of Interest.
References
[1] M. Braveen et al., “Retracted Article: ALBAE Feature
Extraction-Based Lung Pneumonia and Cancer Classification,” Soft Computing, vol. 28, no. S2, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] Chiagoziem C. Ukwuoma et al., Automated Lung-Related
Pneumonia and COVID-19 Detection based on Novel Feature Extraction Framework
and Vision Transformer Approaches using Chest X-ray Images,” Bioengineering, vol. 9, no. 11, pp.
1-27, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] Birger Tielemans et al., “From Mouse to Man and Back: Closing
the Correlation Gap between Imaging and Histopathology for Lung Diseases,” Diagnostics, vol. 10, no. 9, pp.
1-25, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Konstantinos P. Exarchos et al., “Recent Advances of
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Interstitial Lung Diseases,” Diagnostics, vol. 13, no. 13, pp.
1-13, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] Rajneesh Kumar Patel, and Manish Kashyap, “Automated
Diagnosis of COVID Stages from Lung CT Images using Statistical Features in
2-Dimensional Flexible Analytic Wavelet Transform,” Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, vol. 42, no. 3, pp.
829-841, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Aya Hage Chehade et al., “Lung and Colon Cancer
Classification using Medical Imaging: A Feature Engineering Approach,” Physical and Engineering Sciences in
Medicine, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 729-746, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Abdulrazak Yahya Saleh et al., “Lung Cancer Medical Images
Classification using Hybrid CNN-SVM,” International
Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 151-162,
2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Yahia Said et al., “Medical Images Segmentation for Lung
Cancer Diagnosis based on Deep Learning Architectures,” Diagnostics, vol. 13, no. 3, pp.
1-15, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] RuoXi Qin et al., “Fine-Grained Lung Cancer Classification
from PET and CT Images based on Multidimensional Attention Mechanism,” Complexity, vol. 2020, no. 1, pp. 1-12,
2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Shixuan Zhao et al., “SCOAT-Net: A Novel Network for
Segmenting COVID-19 Lung Opacification from CT Images,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 119, pp. 1-12, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] Conor Wall et al., “A Deep Ensemble Neural Network with
Attention Mechanisms for Lung Abnormality Classification using Audio Inputs,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 15, pp. 1-25,
2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Jiaxing Sun et al., “Detection and Staging of Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease using a Computed Tomography-based Weakly
Supervised Deep Learning Approach,” European
Radiology, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 5319-5329, 2022. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Ahmed Shaffie et al., “Computer-Assisted Image Processing
System for Early Assessment of Lung Nodule Malignancy,” Cancers, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1-22,
2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Scott J. Adams et al., “Clinical Impact and Generalizability
of a Computer-Assisted Diagnostic Tool to Risk-Stratify Lung Nodules with CT,” Journal of the American College of Radiology, vol.
20, no. 2, pp. 232-242, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] Judith Juan et al., “Computer-Assisted Diagnosis for an Early
Identification of Lung Cancer in Chest X Rays,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Gopi Kasinathan, and Selvakumar Jayakumar, “Cloud-Based Lung
Tumor Detection and Stage Classification using Deep Learning Techniques,” BioMed Research International, vol.
2022, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] R. Sujitha, and V. Seenivasagam, “Retracted Article: Classification
of Lung Cancer Stages with Machine Learning Over Big Data Healthcare Framework,” Journal of Ambient Intelligence and
Humanized Computing, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 5639-5649, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] A. Asuntha, and Andy Srinivasan, “Deep Learning for Lung
Cancer Detection and Classification,” Multimedia
Tools and Applications, vol. 79, no. 11-12, pp. 7731-7762, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] Dina M. Ibrahim, Nada M. Elshennawy, and Amany M. Sarhan, “Deep-Chest:
Multi-Classification Deep Learning Model for Diagnosing COVID-19, Pneumonia,
and Lung Cancer Chest Diseases,” Computers
in Biology and Medicine, vol. 132, pp. 1-14, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] Vinod Kumar, and Brijesh Bakariya, “Classification of
Malignant Lung Cancer using Deep Learning,” Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, vol. 45, no. 2,
pp. 85-93, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] Pankaj Nanglia et al., “A Hybrid Algorithm for Lung Cancer
Classification using SVM and Neural Networks,” ICT Express, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 335-341, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] Panagiotis Marentakis et al., “Lung Cancer Histology
Classification from CT Images based on Radiomics and Deep Learning Models,” Medical & Biological Engineering &
Computing, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 215-226, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] Imran Shafi et al., “An Effective Method for Lung Cancer
Diagnosis from CT Scan using Deep Learning-Based Support Vector Network,” Cancers, vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 1-18,
2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] Bhoj Raj Pandit et al., “Deep Learning Neural Network for
Lung Cancer Classification: Enhanced Optimization Function,” Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol.
82, no. 5, pp. 6605-6624, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] Mustafa Bicakci et al., “Metabolic Imaging based
Sub-Classification of Lung Cancer,” IEEE
Access, vol. 8, pp. 218470-218476, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[26] Hamdalla F. Al-Yasriy, The IQ-OTH/NCCD Lung Cancer Dataset,
Kaggle, 2021. [Online]. Available:
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/hamdallak/the-iqothnccd-lung-cancer-dataset
[27] MengzhangLI, Chest CT-Scan Images, Awesome-Medical-Dataset,
GitHub, 2025. [Online]. Available:
https://github.com/openmedlab/Awesome-Medical-Dataset/blob/main/resources/ChestCT-Scan_images.md