International Journal of Engineering
Trends and Technology

Research Article | Open Access | Download PDF
Volume 74 | Issue 10 | Year 2026 | Article Id. IJETT-V74I10P113 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V74I10P113

Privacy-Preserving Remote Sensing Image Crypto-Watermarking using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Improved Perfumer Optimization Algorithm based on Slow Learner Enhancement Scheme for Band Selection

Priti Kale, Santosh S. Sonavane

Received Revised Accepted Published
21 Apr 2026 17 Aug 2026 26 Aug 2026 27 Oct 2026

Citation :

Priti Kale, Santosh S. Sonavane, "Privacy-Preserving Remote Sensing Image Crypto-Watermarking using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Improved Perfumer Optimization Algorithm based on Slow Learner Enhancement Scheme for Band Selection," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), vol. 74, no. 10, pp. 177-191, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V74I10P113

Abstract

Rapid growth in multimedia, communication, and deep learning technologies increases privacy, integrity, authenticity, and security issues for Remote Sensing Hyperspectral Images (RSHIs). This paper presents a crypto-watermarking framework based on the Block-based Discrete Wavelet Transform (BBDWT) to ensure the privacy, integrity, authenticity, and security of RSHIs. It uses an improved Slow Learner Improvement Scheme-based Performer Optimization Algorithm (SLIS-POA) for spectral band selection, leveraging higher entropy and higher variance across bands. Furthermore, it uses the Arnold Tent Map (ATM) to encrypt the message image, providing privacy and security for the authentication message. The effectiveness of the system is evaluated on the public Indian Pines (IP) and Salinas datasets based on Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Metrics (SSIM) and Normalized Correlation (CC). The SLIS-POA-DWT provides improved PSNR in the range of 52.26 dB to 62.20 dB, SSIM in the range of 0.9947 to 0.9999 and NC in the range of 0.9835 to 0.9999 for Salinas and IndianPines dataset for recovered images and message.

Keywords

Crypto-watermarking, Remote sensing images, Hyperspectral images, Discrete wavelet transform, Perfumer optimization algorithm, Watermarking, Image encryption.

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